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North Korea Threatens to Restart Nuclear Reactor North Korea Threatens to Restart Nuclear Reactor
(about 2 hours later)
SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea said on Tuesday that it will put all its nuclear facilities — including its operational uranium-enrichment program and its reactors mothballed or under construction — to use in expanding its nuclear weapons arsenal, raising the stakes in the escalating standoff with the United States and its allies. SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea said on Tuesday that it will put all its nuclear facilities — including its operational uranium-enrichment program and its reactors mothballed or under construction — to use in expanding its nuclear weapons arsenal, sharply raising the stakes in the escalating standoff with the United States and its allies.
The announcement by the North’s atomic energy agency came two days after the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, called for expanding his country’s nuclear arsenal both in “quality and quantity” during a meeting of the Central Committee of the ruling Workers’ Party of Korea. The announcement by the North’s General Department of Atomic Energy came two days after the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, said his nuclear weapons were not a bargaining chip and called for expanding his country’s nuclear arsenal both in “quality and quantity” during a meeting of the Central Committee of the ruling Workers’ Party of Korea.
The 5-megawatt graphite-moderated reactor in the North’s main nuclear complex in Yongbyon, north of Pyongyang, had been the main source of bomb fuel for North Korea until it was shut down under a short-lived nuclear disarmament deal with Washington in 2007. North Korean engineers were believed to have extracted enough plutonium for at least half a dozen bombs from the spent fuel unloaded from the reactor. The decision will affect the role of the North’s uranium-enrichment plant in the North’s main nuclear complex in Yongbyon, north of Pyongyang, a spokesman for the nuclear department told the Korean Central News Agency. This marked the first time North Korea said that it would use the facility to make nuclear weapons. Since first unveiling it to a visiting U.S. scholar in 2010, North Korea had insisted that it was running the plant to make reactor fuel to generate electricity, though Washington suggested its purpose was to make bombs.
The restarting of the reactor would revive that source of plutoniuim. It would also give Pyongyang a key tool of leverage to deal with the United States, since the North would now have two sources of fuel for atomic bombs: plutonium and its declared uranium-enrichment program, which has added to growing concern over the North’s nuclear weapons program. Saying “we will act on this without delay,” the spokesman also said that North Korea will restart its mothballed nuclear reactor in Yongbyon. The 5-megawatt graphite-moderated reactor had been the main source of plutonium bomb fuel for North Korea until it was shut down under a short-lived nuclear disarmament deal with Washington in 2007. North Korean engineers were believed to have extracted enough plutonium for six to eight bombs — including the devices detonated in 2006 and 2009 in underground nuclear tests — from the spent fuel unloaded from the reactor.
North Korea demolished the cooling tower of the old Soviet-era reactor in 2008 to demonstrate its commitment to the 2007 deal. In return, the U.S. State Department removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism. It is unknown whether North Korea’s third nuclear test in February used some of its limited stockpile of plutonium or used fuel from its uranium-enrichment program, whose scale and history remain a mystery.
The deal, however, quickly unraveled over differences in nuclear inspections between Washington and Pyongyang, and North Korea has since said it was making preparations to restart the reactor. In 2010, North Korea also showed a visiting American scholar a brand-new uranium enrichment plant in Yongbyon, which experts believe is only part of a bigger, hidden uranium program. A restarting of the reactor and weapons-producing role for its uranium-enrichment plant would add to growing American concern over the North’s nuclear weapons program. The developments would mean that the North would now have two sources of fuel for atomic bombs - plutonium and highly enriched uranium - and could become more strident in demands.
Although North Korea said it was enriching uranium for nuclear energy, Washington feared the North's uranium enrichment program would provide Pyongyang with a new harder-to-monitor and more sustainable means source of nuclear bomb fuel than the highly visible nuclear reactor. In Beijing, the spokesman for the Foreign Ministry, Hong Lei, said that China, Pyongyang’s main ally, felt “regretful” about North Korea’s announcement.
“We have noticed the statement made by the DPRK and feel regretful about it,” Mr. Hong said Tuesday at the daily briefing to reporter. China urged “all parties to remain calm and restrained,” he said.
In Mr. Kim’s speech before the party meeting, whose script was published in the North Korean newspaper Rodong Sinmun on Tuesday, he said that making the country’s possession of self-defense nuclear weapons “permanent” was essential to ensuring that the country can focus on rebuilding its economy.
“Now that we have become a proud nuclear state, we have gained a favorable ground from which we can concentrate all our finance and efforts in building the economy and improving the people’s lives based on the strong deterrent against war,” Mr. Kim said. “We must now focus all our resources on building an economically strong nation.”
Moving swiftly upon the party’s “new strategic line,” the country’s atomic energy department said that measures were being taken to expand the North's nuclear deterrent, as well as to build an indigenous nuclear power industry to resolve the country’s acute electricity shortage. The North’s rubber-tamp parliament, the Supreme People’s Republic, enacted a new law on Monday on “consolidating the position of nuclear weapons state,” official media reported on Tuesday.
North Korea “shall take practical steps to bolster up the nuclear deterrence and nuclear retaliatory strike power both in quality and quantity to cope with the gravity of the escalating danger of the hostile forces’ aggression and attack,” the law said. It also said North Korea shall cooperate for “nuclear non-proliferation,” depending on “the improvement of relations with hostile nuclear weapons states.”
The North’s new party line removed any lingering “ambiguity” over what North Korea might try to do with its nuclear weapons, said a senior South Koran government official, who briefed a group of foreign reporters on President Park Geun-hye’s policy on North Korea on condition that he remain unnamed.
“We now know their real intention. The picture is clear. What we will do is the combined will of the international community,” he said, adding that Seoul, Washington and their allies must employ “all means” of pressure on North Korea, including not only economic sanctions but also investigations into the North’s human rights abuses. “They are depending on nuclear weapons for their survival but we must persuade them that there is an alternative and brinkmanship doesn’t work.”
North Korea demolished the cooling tower of the old Soviet-era 5-megawatt reactor in 2008 to demonstrate its commitment to the 2007 deal with Washington. In return, the U.S. State Department removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism.
The deal, however, quickly unraveled over differences in nuclear inspections between Washington and Pyongyang. North Korea has since been making preparations to restart it as well as building a new reactor in Yongbyon, though officials here said the country was still months, if not years, from getting the old, decrepit reactor on line again.
More worrisome to them is uranium enrichment. North Korea publicly acknowledged enriching uranium in 2009, but American officials had suspected enrichment activity in the North as early as 2002. They fear that the enrichment plant unveiled in 2010 may likely be only part of a much bigger, harder-to-detect and more sustainable program to make nuclear bomb fuel.
North Korea is rich in uranium ores. Unlike the plutonium program, which included a large and easily spotted nuclear reactor, an enrichment plant composed of 1,000 centrifuges occupies a 60-square-meter space, small enough to be hidden in one of the estimated 8,000 tunnels North Korea has dug for military purposes across its mountainous terrain, South Korean military officials said.
The North’s latest move marked the latest in a series of strident announcements from Pyongyang, which has been angered by efforts from the United States and its allies to use sanctions to rein in its nuclear and missile ambitions.The North’s latest move marked the latest in a series of strident announcements from Pyongyang, which has been angered by efforts from the United States and its allies to use sanctions to rein in its nuclear and missile ambitions.
Despite a drumbeat of increasingly bellicose threats from North Korea, the White House said on Monday that there was no evidence that the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, was mobilizing troops or other military forces for any imminent attack. Despite a drumbeat of increasingly bellicose threats from North Korea, the White House said on Monday that there was no evidence that the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, was mobilizing troops or other military forces for any imminent attack. Though American officials said they remained concerned about the invective flowing from North Korea, the Obama administration took pains Monday to emphasize the ‘'disconnect'’ between Mr. Kim’s ‘'rhetoric and action.'’
Though American officials said they remained concerned about the invective flowing from North Korea, the Obama administration took pains Monday to emphasize the “disconnect” between Mr. Kim’s “rhetoric and action.” The White House’s strategy, officials said, was calculated to ease tensions after a fraught few days in which Mr. Kim threatened to rain missiles on the American mainland, the United States responded by flying nuclear-capable bombers over the Korean Peninsula and President Park Guen-hye of South Korea ordered military commanders to carry out a swift and strong response to any provocation. ‘'We are not seeing changes to the North Korean military posture such as large-scale mobilizations or positioning of forces,'’ said Jay Carney, the White House press secretary. ‘'What that disconnect between rhetoric and action means, I’ll leave to the analysts to judge.'’
The White House’s strategy, officials said, was calculated to ease tensions after a fraught few days in which Mr. Kim threatened to rain missiles on the American mainland, the United States responded by flying nuclear-capable bombers over the Korean Peninsula and President Park Guen-hye of South Korea ordered military commanders to carry out a swift and strong response to any provocation.
“We are not seeing changes to the North Korean military posture such as large-scale mobilizations or positioning of forces,” said Jay Carney, the White House press secretary. “What that disconnect between rhetoric and action means, I’ll leave to the analysts to judge.”
Even as the White House tried to tamp down the tensions, the Pentagon said it had moved a Navy missile-defense ship from its home port in Japan to waters closer to the Korean Peninsula, in what was described as a carefully calibrated response, given the North’s warnings about putting its rockets on a higher stage of alert.
The deployment came after the United States publicized a rare training flight by two B-2 bombers over South Korea, where they carried out a mock bombing run, and pledged to spend $1 billion to expand ballistic missile-defense systems along the Pacific Coast.
Having taken these unusually public steps to demonstrate its commitment to defend itself and protect South Korea and Japan, the Obama administration appeared to be trying to defuse a situation that many analysts say has gone beyond previous cycles of provocation by North Korea, and raised genuine fears of war.
“It is a calculated response to say, ‘We don’t want anyone to think the situation is getting out of control, that the ladder of escalation is going to end in a full-scale conflict,'” said Jeffrey A. Bader, who worked on North Korea policy for the Obama administration from 2009 to 2011.
For all the uncertainty surrounding the young ruler of North Korea, Mr. Bader said, the latest round of warlike statements from the North recalled the theatrical belligerence shown by Mr. Kim ‘s father, Kim Jong-il. Those episodes often led to hostile acts, but never a wholesale military attack on South Korea.
Still, on Monday, Ms. Park, South Korea’s new president, ordered her country’s military to deliver a strong and immediate response to any North Korean provocation, saying she considered the current threats ‘‘very serious.’’

Mark Landler reported from Washington, and Choe Sang-hun from Seoul, South Korea. Thom Shanker contributed reporting from Washington.

Mark Landler reported from Washington, and Choe Sang-hun from Seoul, South Korea. Thom Shanker contributed reporting from Washington.