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| Japan Moves Toward Restarting Nuclear Reactors | Japan Moves Toward Restarting Nuclear Reactors |
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| TOKYO — Japan’s new nuclear regulator adopted a fresh set of safety guidelines on Wednesday, starting a process that could allow some of the country’s idled reactors to come back online early next year. | TOKYO — Japan’s new nuclear regulator adopted a fresh set of safety guidelines on Wednesday, starting a process that could allow some of the country’s idled reactors to come back online early next year. |
| Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been pushing to restart some of Japan’s 50 commercial reactors, all but two of which remain idle amid public anxiety over nuclear safety in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima disaster. | Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been pushing to restart some of Japan’s 50 commercial reactors, all but two of which remain idle amid public anxiety over nuclear safety in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima disaster. |
| To quell those concerns, the Nuclear Regulation Authority, set up last year, has been drawing up new safety standards that would better protect Japan’s commercial reactors from natural disasters and terrorist attacks. | To quell those concerns, the Nuclear Regulation Authority, set up last year, has been drawing up new safety standards that would better protect Japan’s commercial reactors from natural disasters and terrorist attacks. |
| The country’s previous regulator was replaced after widespread outrage over its lax approach to safety, as well as its close industry ties. | The country’s previous regulator was replaced after widespread outrage over its lax approach to safety, as well as its close industry ties. |
| The new regulator said it would start accepting applications on July 8 from power companies seeking to restart their reactors. Seven companies have said they would apply to restart a total of 13 reactors across Japan. | |
| “We have reached a milestone” in nuclear safety, Shinichi Tanaka, the authority’s chairman, said Wednesday. He said the new guidelines brought Japan in line with the highest global safety standards for nuclear energy. | “We have reached a milestone” in nuclear safety, Shinichi Tanaka, the authority’s chairman, said Wednesday. He said the new guidelines brought Japan in line with the highest global safety standards for nuclear energy. |
| It will take “many months” for the authority to conduct the necessary checks and approve bringing the reactors back online, authority officials said. Local news reports said that the approval process would take at least six months. | It will take “many months” for the authority to conduct the necessary checks and approve bringing the reactors back online, authority officials said. Local news reports said that the approval process would take at least six months. |
| The safety overhaul comes after a powerful earthquake and tsunami ravaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in northern Japan in 2011, setting off multiple fuel meltdowns and forcing more than 100,000 people from their homes. | |
| Under the new guidelines, nuclear plant operators must bolster their tsunami defenses and check for active earthquake faults under their plants. They must also set up emergency command centers and install filtered vents to help reduce the discharge of harmful radioactive substances from the reactors. | Under the new guidelines, nuclear plant operators must bolster their tsunami defenses and check for active earthquake faults under their plants. They must also set up emergency command centers and install filtered vents to help reduce the discharge of harmful radioactive substances from the reactors. |
| These safety standards are legally binding, unlike previous guidelines that were not backed up by law and were adopted by nuclear operators on a voluntary basis. They also address, for the first time, the possibility of severe accidents like the Fukushima meltdowns. | These safety standards are legally binding, unlike previous guidelines that were not backed up by law and were adopted by nuclear operators on a voluntary basis. They also address, for the first time, the possibility of severe accidents like the Fukushima meltdowns. |
| Separately, the nuclear regulator has been conducting studies of earthquake fault formations under six nuclear power plants across Japan. Last month, it concluded that a reactor in Tsuruga, in western Japan, stands above an active fault, a finding that could lead to the first permanent shutdown of a reactor since the disaster. More such findings could follow. | Separately, the nuclear regulator has been conducting studies of earthquake fault formations under six nuclear power plants across Japan. Last month, it concluded that a reactor in Tsuruga, in western Japan, stands above an active fault, a finding that could lead to the first permanent shutdown of a reactor since the disaster. More such findings could follow. |
| It remains unclear whether these standards go far enough to quell lingering public fears over nuclear power. In a poll of 1,781 people conducted by the Asahi Shimbun daily on June 8 and 9, 58 percent of respondents said they opposed restarting the country’s reactors, while just 28 percent said they approved. | It remains unclear whether these standards go far enough to quell lingering public fears over nuclear power. In a poll of 1,781 people conducted by the Asahi Shimbun daily on June 8 and 9, 58 percent of respondents said they opposed restarting the country’s reactors, while just 28 percent said they approved. |
| The authority’s meeting on Wednesday, which was open to the public, was disrupted several times by shouts of “Listen to the public!” and “No reactor restarts!” from the audience. | The authority’s meeting on Wednesday, which was open to the public, was disrupted several times by shouts of “Listen to the public!” and “No reactor restarts!” from the audience. |
| Still, the agency faces considerable pressure from Japan’s power industry, pronuclear businesses and Mr. Abe’s governing party to allow more reactors to restart. Japan relied on nuclear energy for about a third of its electricity needs before the disaster, and nuclear proponents argue that the ensuing energy shortfall and surging fuel import costs are hurting the economy. | Still, the agency faces considerable pressure from Japan’s power industry, pronuclear businesses and Mr. Abe’s governing party to allow more reactors to restart. Japan relied on nuclear energy for about a third of its electricity needs before the disaster, and nuclear proponents argue that the ensuing energy shortfall and surging fuel import costs are hurting the economy. |
| Bringing the reactors back online would complete a reversal in Japan’s energy policy, driven by Mr. Abe, a supporter of nuclear power who took office late last year. His predecessors had committed to phasing out Japan’s nuclear power program by 2040. But a government energy paper released last week made no mention of that goal. | Bringing the reactors back online would complete a reversal in Japan’s energy policy, driven by Mr. Abe, a supporter of nuclear power who took office late last year. His predecessors had committed to phasing out Japan’s nuclear power program by 2040. But a government energy paper released last week made no mention of that goal. |
| “The guidelines certainly go much further in addressing nuclear safety,” said Kazuhiko Kudo, a professor in nuclear safety engineering at Kyushu University. “They are especially potent in that they are legally binding,” | “The guidelines certainly go much further in addressing nuclear safety,” said Kazuhiko Kudo, a professor in nuclear safety engineering at Kyushu University. “They are especially potent in that they are legally binding,” |
| “But to regain public trust, it’s important that the approval process is transparent, and not rushed,” he said. “The new regulator must show that it stands on the side of the public, not the nuclear operators, or it too will be discredited.” | “But to regain public trust, it’s important that the approval process is transparent, and not rushed,” he said. “The new regulator must show that it stands on the side of the public, not the nuclear operators, or it too will be discredited.” |
Hisako Ueno and Katherine Whatley contributed research from Tokyo. | Hisako Ueno and Katherine Whatley contributed research from Tokyo. |