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Why CAR has descended into violence | Why CAR has descended into violence |
(about 9 hours later) | |
The main roundabout in the northern town of Bossangoa in the Central African Republic has become a demarcation that draws a religious line between Christian displaced people on one side and Muslims on the other. | The main roundabout in the northern town of Bossangoa in the Central African Republic has become a demarcation that draws a religious line between Christian displaced people on one side and Muslims on the other. |
The arrival of French troops has brought some relief, but nobody lives in their own homes anymore. | The arrival of French troops has brought some relief, but nobody lives in their own homes anymore. |
Residents have sought refuge in two separate camps on either end of the main thoroughfare. | Residents have sought refuge in two separate camps on either end of the main thoroughfare. |
A bloody handprint is still visible on the doorstep of a house in the Muslim quarter. | A bloody handprint is still visible on the doorstep of a house in the Muslim quarter. |
A man was shot and desperately tried to crawl inside. But the former soldiers, who are backing the "antibalaka" Christian militia, shot him again in the front room. | A man was shot and desperately tried to crawl inside. But the former soldiers, who are backing the "antibalaka" Christian militia, shot him again in the front room. |
In this house alone, six people were killed last Thursday. | In this house alone, six people were killed last Thursday. |
"What happened is very hard to explain," said Zakaria, one of the displaced Muslims. | "What happened is very hard to explain," said Zakaria, one of the displaced Muslims. |
Along with the entire Muslim community of Bossangoa, he has now built a shelter on the playground of the main primary school. | Along with the entire Muslim community of Bossangoa, he has now built a shelter on the playground of the main primary school. |
Nobody seems to understand how and why this unprecedented inter-communal violence started. There is confusion on every face, even though defiance and mistrust have taken over. | Nobody seems to understand how and why this unprecedented inter-communal violence started. There is confusion on every face, even though defiance and mistrust have taken over. |
On Thursday last week, African peacekeepers fought hard on two fronts in Bossangoa. | On Thursday last week, African peacekeepers fought hard on two fronts in Bossangoa. |
Although the fighting continued over three days, they did contain rival groups on either side of the town and clearly prevented a bloodbath. | Although the fighting continued over three days, they did contain rival groups on either side of the town and clearly prevented a bloodbath. |
Signs of hope | Signs of hope |
Is it too late to make sense of what is happening in the Central African Republic? | Is it too late to make sense of what is happening in the Central African Republic? |
Zakaria does not believe that Christians and Muslims can live in harmony ever again. | Zakaria does not believe that Christians and Muslims can live in harmony ever again. |
"With the type of killing that happened, it's now very difficult for us to go back and live together." | "With the type of killing that happened, it's now very difficult for us to go back and live together." |
But, already, we found a sign of hope: Christian families are sharing space with Muslims in this camp. | But, already, we found a sign of hope: Christian families are sharing space with Muslims in this camp. |
"We always lived together, my husband was a Muslim," said Christine, 61, who wears a crucifix for a necklace. | "We always lived together, my husband was a Muslim," said Christine, 61, who wears a crucifix for a necklace. |
"A Muslim neighbour helped me reach this camp when I was trying to escape the fighting," she explains. | "A Muslim neighbour helped me reach this camp when I was trying to escape the fighting," she explains. |
"Now that I'm here, they've been take care of me. I don't understand how we've come to this situation." | "Now that I'm here, they've been take care of me. I don't understand how we've come to this situation." |
New type of conflict | New type of conflict |
This country has had a history of coups, rebellions and bad governance. But it has now slipped into a cycle of retaliatory religious killings that is not anchored in its past. | This country has had a history of coups, rebellions and bad governance. But it has now slipped into a cycle of retaliatory religious killings that is not anchored in its past. |
"There have never been inter-religious clashes in the Central African Republic," said David Smith at Okapi Consulting in Johannesburg. | "There have never been inter-religious clashes in the Central African Republic," said David Smith at Okapi Consulting in Johannesburg. |
"It didn't exist before Seleka." | "It didn't exist before Seleka." |
Seleka - which means coalition - is an extremely loose alliance of badly organised bands of fighters, most of them Muslim, who joined forces last year with the aim of overthrowing the then President, Francois Bozize. | Seleka - which means coalition - is an extremely loose alliance of badly organised bands of fighters, most of them Muslim, who joined forces last year with the aim of overthrowing the then President, Francois Bozize. |
Muslim Chadian mercenaries have beefed up the ranks of Seleka, but it never had another aim but to topple Bozize's administration, which it did in March. | Muslim Chadian mercenaries have beefed up the ranks of Seleka, but it never had another aim but to topple Bozize's administration, which it did in March. |
The Central African Republic is one the poorest countries in the world. It never really was a functioning state and its people have little confidence in its politicians. | The Central African Republic is one the poorest countries in the world. It never really was a functioning state and its people have little confidence in its politicians. |
"There's always been a lot of frustration and anger among the population," said Mr Smith. | "There's always been a lot of frustration and anger among the population," said Mr Smith. |
"When Seleka stormed Bangui and put a Muslim in power by force, Christians focused their anger on Muslims, whom they took for scapegoats." | "When Seleka stormed Bangui and put a Muslim in power by force, Christians focused their anger on Muslims, whom they took for scapegoats." |
Thousands of soldiers who served in the army under Mr Bozize have joined Christian antibalaka fighters. | Thousands of soldiers who served in the army under Mr Bozize have joined Christian antibalaka fighters. |
Although they want to dislodge the interim president, it remains unclear whether they have the intention to bring Mr Bozize back into power. | |
Some of his former presidential guards are hiding in the bush but Mr Bozize suffered from a lack if support within the rest of the army and the population. | |
Living side-by-side | Living side-by-side |
Christians and Muslims are now accusing each other of having started the violence. | Christians and Muslims are now accusing each other of having started the violence. |
Hundreds of people have been killed over last few months - shot, hacked or burnt. But in a territory the size of France, the exact toll may never be known. | Hundreds of people have been killed over last few months - shot, hacked or burnt. But in a territory the size of France, the exact toll may never be known. |
"How do you expect us to live next to them again?" said Rebecca, a displaced Christian woman staying at the Catholic mission. | "How do you expect us to live next to them again?" said Rebecca, a displaced Christian woman staying at the Catholic mission. |
"We all know that the Muslims, whom we thought were our brothers, are together with Seleka." | "We all know that the Muslims, whom we thought were our brothers, are together with Seleka." |
Seleka fighters - or ex-Seleka since they are now considered the transitional government's army - can be seen roaming around the Muslim camp in Bossangoa. | Seleka fighters - or ex-Seleka since they are now considered the transitional government's army - can be seen roaming around the Muslim camp in Bossangoa. |
Hundreds of antibalaka are hiding among the tens of thousands of displaced Christians around the church. | Hundreds of antibalaka are hiding among the tens of thousands of displaced Christians around the church. |
"It will be much harder to disarm these Christian militiamen than Seleka, who are already staying in their barracks here in Bossangoa," a French captain said. | "It will be much harder to disarm these Christian militiamen than Seleka, who are already staying in their barracks here in Bossangoa," a French captain said. |
As we drove back from Bossangoa to Bangui, we felt an uneasy calm in the streets of the capital following a few days of unrest with hoardes of civilians armed with machetes and clubs taking each other on. | As we drove back from Bossangoa to Bangui, we felt an uneasy calm in the streets of the capital following a few days of unrest with hoardes of civilians armed with machetes and clubs taking each other on. |
The killing of two French paratroopers in Bangui this week shows how difficult the task of the French military will be. | The killing of two French paratroopers in Bangui this week shows how difficult the task of the French military will be. |
President Francois Hollande said this military campaign was "necessary" to "save human dignity". | President Francois Hollande said this military campaign was "necessary" to "save human dignity". |
The urgency to stop the violence is real before this country is entirely torn apart. | The urgency to stop the violence is real before this country is entirely torn apart. |
But the French deployment will not bring these communities back together anytime soon. | But the French deployment will not bring these communities back together anytime soon. |