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| French oil giant Total to invest in UK shale gas | French oil giant Total to invest in UK shale gas |
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| French oil and gas company Total is to invest in the UK's shale gas industry, it is to be announced on Monday. | French oil and gas company Total is to invest in the UK's shale gas industry, it is to be announced on Monday. |
| Total will be the first of the so-called "oil majors" to invest in shale gas in the UK, the BBC has confirmed. | Total will be the first of the so-called "oil majors" to invest in shale gas in the UK, the BBC has confirmed. |
| The British Geological Survey estimates there may be 1,300 trillion cubic feet of shale gas present in the north of England. | The British Geological Survey estimates there may be 1,300 trillion cubic feet of shale gas present in the north of England. |
| But the process to extract shale gas - called "fracking" - has proved controversial. | But the process to extract shale gas - called "fracking" - has proved controversial. |
| Fracking - short for "hydraulic fracturing" - involves drilling deep underground and releasing a high-pressure mix of water, sand and chemicals to crack rocks and release gas stored inside. | Fracking - short for "hydraulic fracturing" - involves drilling deep underground and releasing a high-pressure mix of water, sand and chemicals to crack rocks and release gas stored inside. |
| Total is to spend tens of millions of pounds buying substantial stakes in firms with drilling licences in the north of England, where other large energy firms such as Centrica and Gaz de France have already invested. | |
| Anti-fracking protests | |
| In December, a report commissioned by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), said more than half of the UK could be suitable for fracking. | |
| The process has attracted anti-fracking protests in the UK, with environmentalists fearing the technique could cause small earth tremors, water contamination and environmental damage. | The process has attracted anti-fracking protests in the UK, with environmentalists fearing the technique could cause small earth tremors, water contamination and environmental damage. |
| But the BBC's Joe Lynam said the announcement will be welcomed by the government which has championed shale gas a major source of the UK's future energy needs. | But the BBC's Joe Lynam said the announcement will be welcomed by the government which has championed shale gas a major source of the UK's future energy needs. |
| In August, Prime Minister David Cameron said the whole country should support fracking, insisting it is safe if properly regulated and could create thousands of jobs and reduce energy bills. | In August, Prime Minister David Cameron said the whole country should support fracking, insisting it is safe if properly regulated and could create thousands of jobs and reduce energy bills. |
| Shale gas has helped boost the domestic energy industry in the US in recent years, where oil production has risen and gas prices have plummeted. | |
| Major oil companies waited for more than five years before investing in shale gas production in the US, but the UK will receive this major oil and gas company backing while the industry is still in its infancy. | |
| Senior government sources told the BBC that the Total investment was a strong vote of confidence in the sector. | |
| Total has 97,000 employees operating in more than 130 countries. | |
| According to its website, it is the world's fifth largest publicly traded oil company. |