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| Karadzic and Mladic appear together at ICTY trial | Karadzic and Mladic appear together at ICTY trial |
| (35 minutes later) | |
| Two of the most powerful figures from the 1990s war in Bosnia are appearing together in public for the first time since the end of the conflict. | Two of the most powerful figures from the 1990s war in Bosnia are appearing together in public for the first time since the end of the conflict. |
| Ex-Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic has called ex-deputy Ratko Mladic to give evidence at the UN Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in The Hague. | Ex-Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic has called ex-deputy Ratko Mladic to give evidence at the UN Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in The Hague. |
| Mr Mladic's request not to testify was denied, prompting him to lash out at the "satanic court". | Mr Mladic's request not to testify was denied, prompting him to lash out at the "satanic court". |
| Both men are on trial. They deny war crimes and crimes against humanity. | Both men are on trial. They deny war crimes and crimes against humanity. |
| As Tuesday's hearing opened, Mr Mladic's team submitted that he should not testify because of his poor health and because it would cause "unfair prejudice" to his own case. | As Tuesday's hearing opened, Mr Mladic's team submitted that he should not testify because of his poor health and because it would cause "unfair prejudice" to his own case. |
| Mr Karadzic's lawyer said Mr Mladic was "the one person in the whole world who knows best what happened in the war in Bosnia" and that Mr Karadzic was asking him to do his best to testify and to tell what happened. | Mr Karadzic's lawyer said Mr Mladic was "the one person in the whole world who knows best what happened in the war in Bosnia" and that Mr Karadzic was asking him to do his best to testify and to tell what happened. |
| Presiding Judge O-gon Kwon said the chamber noted Mr Mladic's health concerns but that it would allow the subpoena calling on him to testify. | Presiding Judge O-gon Kwon said the chamber noted Mr Mladic's health concerns but that it would allow the subpoena calling on him to testify. |
| Ratko Mladic then refused to take the oath, saying: "Your subpoenas, your platitudes, your false indictments, I do not care one bit about any of it." | Ratko Mladic then refused to take the oath, saying: "Your subpoenas, your platitudes, your false indictments, I do not care one bit about any of it." |
| He added: "I do not recognise this hate court. It is a satanic court." | He added: "I do not recognise this hate court. It is a satanic court." |
| The judge warned him he could be held in contempt, with a possible jail term of up to seven years. | The judge warned him he could be held in contempt, with a possible jail term of up to seven years. |
| The session was then adjourned, apparently so Mr Mladic's dentures could be retrieved from his cell. | |
| On the court's return, the judge advised Mr Mladic he was not obliged to answer questions if he thought the answers would incriminate him. | |
| Mr Karadzic then addressed Mr Mladic in person, saying: "Good morning general, sir." | |
| Mr Karadzic invited Mr Mladic to read out a personal statement but the judge overruled this. | |
| Mr Mladic was then asked about his military career, and he listed several positions and dates. | |
| But the second question: Did you ever inform me that prisoners from Srebrenica would be, were being or had been executed, led Mr Mladic to refuse further testimony. | |
| The judge then ruled Mr Mladic would not be compelled to answer. | |
| Mr Karadzic faces 11 charges, including genocide relating to the Srebrenica massacre in July 1995. | Mr Karadzic faces 11 charges, including genocide relating to the Srebrenica massacre in July 1995. |
| Mr Karadzic had been hoping his former ally's answers would support his claims that the orders to commit war crimes did not come from him, says the BBC's Anna Holligan in The Hague. | |
| A court document signed by Mr Karadzic and seen by the BBC contained six specific questions he would ask Mr Mladic. | |
| Among them were: Did we have any agreement or understanding that the citizens or Sarajevo should be subjected to terror by shelling and sniping? | |
| The siege of Sarajevo lasted for more than three-and-a-half years - starving the capital of food and power. | The siege of Sarajevo lasted for more than three-and-a-half years - starving the capital of food and power. |
| Mr Karadzic is alleged to have orchestrated the shelling of Sarajevo, and the use of 284 UN peacekeepers as human shields in May and June 1995. | Mr Karadzic is alleged to have orchestrated the shelling of Sarajevo, and the use of 284 UN peacekeepers as human shields in May and June 1995. |
| In the Srebrenica enclave, Bosnian Serb forces overran the UN-defended safe area in the worst atrocity in Europe since the end of World War Two. | In the Srebrenica enclave, Bosnian Serb forces overran the UN-defended safe area in the worst atrocity in Europe since the end of World War Two. |
| More than 7,500 Muslim men and boys were killed. | More than 7,500 Muslim men and boys were killed. |
| Ratko Mladic was the general in charge of the troops. | Ratko Mladic was the general in charge of the troops. |
| His trial is being conducted simultaneously at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). | His trial is being conducted simultaneously at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). |
| False identities | False identities |
| Mr Karadzic was arrested in Belgrade in 2008 after 13 years on the run. | Mr Karadzic was arrested in Belgrade in 2008 after 13 years on the run. |
| He had been found living in disguise in Belgrade, under a false name and working as a New Age healer. | He had been found living in disguise in Belgrade, under a false name and working as a New Age healer. |
| Mr Mladic was on the run for 16 years before being arrested in 2011 in northern Serbia, where he had also been living under an assumed name. | Mr Mladic was on the run for 16 years before being arrested in 2011 in northern Serbia, where he had also been living under an assumed name. |
| When Bosnia-Hercegovina became an independent state in 1992, Mr Karadzic declared the creation of the independent Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina (renamed Republika Srpska) with its capital in Pale, a suburb of Sarajevo, and himself as head of state. | When Bosnia-Hercegovina became an independent state in 1992, Mr Karadzic declared the creation of the independent Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina (renamed Republika Srpska) with its capital in Pale, a suburb of Sarajevo, and himself as head of state. |
| His party, supported by Serbian then-President Slobodan Milosevic, organised Serbs to fight against the Bosniaks and Croats in Bosnia. | His party, supported by Serbian then-President Slobodan Milosevic, organised Serbs to fight against the Bosniaks and Croats in Bosnia. |
| A vicious war ensued, in which Serbs besieged Sarajevo for 44 months, shelling Muslim forces but also terrorising the civilian population with relentless bombardment and sniper fire. Thousands of civilians died, many of them deliberately targeted. | A vicious war ensued, in which Serbs besieged Sarajevo for 44 months, shelling Muslim forces but also terrorising the civilian population with relentless bombardment and sniper fire. Thousands of civilians died, many of them deliberately targeted. |
| Bosnian Serb forces - assisted by paramilitaries from Serbia proper - also expelled hundreds of thousands of Muslims and Croats from their homes in a brutal campaign of "ethnic cleansing". | Bosnian Serb forces - assisted by paramilitaries from Serbia proper - also expelled hundreds of thousands of Muslims and Croats from their homes in a brutal campaign of "ethnic cleansing". |
| Numerous atrocities were documented, including the widespread rape of Bosniak women and girls. | Numerous atrocities were documented, including the widespread rape of Bosniak women and girls. |