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U.S. and Russia in Tit-for-Tat Sanctions Over Crimean Crisis U.S. and Russia in Tit-for-Tat Sanctions Over Crimean Crisis
(about 3 hours later)
WASHINGTON — President Obama on Thursday announced that he would expand sanctions against Russia, blacklisting wealthy individuals with ties to the government and a bank used by them, and opening the door to broader measures against Russian energy exports. WASHINGTON — President Obama expanded sanctions against Russia on Thursday, blacklisting a bank and several wealthy businessmen with close ties to President Vladimir V. Putin, as the United States struggled to forestall further Russian incursions into Ukraine.
The measures deliver on Mr. Obama’s warning this week that the United States would ratchet up the costs for Russia if President Vladimir V. Putin moved to annex the breakaway province of Crimea. But they were aimed at forestalling further Russian incursions into eastern Ukraine, after what Mr. Obama described as troubling Russian military movements. Among those targeted were Sergei B. Ivanov, the president’s chief of staff; Gennady N. Timchenko, a billionaire investor with links to Mr. Putin; and Yuri V. Kovalchuk, whom the administration described as the personal banker for Russian leaders, including the president.
In a tit-for-tat response, Moscow banned nine American officials from entering Russia, including Speaker John A. Boehner, the Senate Democratic leader, Harry Reid of Nevada, Senator John McCain of Arizona, as well as three senior White House officials. Mr. Obama also opened the door to more sweeping measures against core parts of the Russian economy, including the oil and natural gas industries, which account for much of Russia’s exports. He said the actions could disrupt the global economy, but might be necessary because of what he described as menacing movements by the Russian military near eastern and southern Ukraine.
In a statement accompanying the list, Russia’s Foreign Ministry denounced the American sanctions as a tool “from the arsenal of the past” that would backfire. “There should be no doubt: for every hostile attack, we will respond appropriately,” the statement said. Administration officials insisted that the new sanctions would have more bite than the initial ones Mr. Obama announced on Monday. But it remains unclear whether they will be enough to put a brake on Mr. Putin, who brushed aside the previous measures and moved swiftly to annex Crimea.
The Russian action was met with a mixture of bemusement and mild defiance in Washington. Michael Steel, a spokesman for Mr. Boehner, said, “The speaker is proud to be included on a list of those willing to stand against Putin’s aggression.” Responding almost immediately, Russia barred nine prominent American officials from entering the country, including the speaker of the House, John A. Boehner; the Senate Democratic leader, Harry Reid of Nevada; Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona; and three close advisers to Mr. Obama.
Mr. Obama made a statement on the South Lawn of the White House on Thursday before leaving on a trip to Florida. “The United States is today moving, as we said we would, to impose additional costs on Russia,” he said. Mr. Obama, speaking from the South Lawn of the White House, said Russia’s aggressive moves toward Ukraine had only escalated since the referendum in Crimea on Sunday.
“These are all choices that the Russian government has made, choices that have been rejected by the international community.”  “These are all choices that the Russian government has made,” he said, “and because of these choices, the United States is today moving, as we said we would, to impose additional costs on Russia.”
Mr. Obama also said he had signed a new executive order that would allow him to impose sanctions on Russian industrial sectors, presumably including its energy exports — a step that would greatly tighten the economic pressure on Russia. The hastily arranged statement, delivered with the presidential helicopter idling behind Mr. Obama before he left for a speech on the economy and a Democratic Party fund-raising event in Florida, underscored how the White House has raced to keep up with the rush of events in Ukraine.
Mr. Putin’s spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, denounced the sanctions as unacceptable and suggested that one of those on the list, Mr. Putin’s chief of staff, Sergei B. Ivanov, had spent more than 20 years in the K.G.B.'s foreign intelligence service and had already been banned by “a majority of countries in the West,” he told Interfax, adding: “So he is quite accustomed to this situation.” On Monday, Mr. Obama announced measures against a number of Russian officials while saying he would calibrate the pressure campaign to respond to Mr. Putin’s actions. But a senior administration official said it became clear within 24 hours, with Mr. Putin’s defiant speech to the Russian Parliament and dismissive statements by members of his government, that the United States would have to do more.
Mr. Ivanov is a close friend and aide to Mr. Putin, the two having joined the K.G.B. together in 1975. Mr. Ivanov, who speaks perfect English and Swedish, is believed to have served undercover in Helsinki and London. He has served beside Mr. Putin throughout his presidency and was considered a possible successor when Mr. Putin stepped down after two terms in 2008, anointing instead another close aide, Dmitri A. Medvedev, now the prime minister. “They were exulting in their nationalistic way,” said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the administration’s internal deliberations. “So we moved from officials to cronies. These are Putin’s money people.”
Another Russian singled out, Vladimir I. Yakunin, the head of the Russian Railways and also a close adviser and friend to Mr. Putin since they met in St. Petersburg shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, said he was being punished for political reasons. The administration was also prodded by signs that the Russian military had moved troops into positions that could threaten southern and eastern Ukraine. While Mr. Obama has ruled out direct military involvement, another senior administration official told reporters that the Pentagon was studying whether to provide communications equipment and other nonlethal assistance to the Ukrainian military.
“I’m sorry that a country that calls itself democratic uses sanctions for an honest position and for honest statements,” he told Interfax. “The latest round of sanctions are surgical, experts said: designed to hit the wallets of individuals with close ties to Mr. Putin, rather than to damage the broader Russian economy.
On Monday, the administration announced sanctions against seven Russian officials, including several close advisers to Mr. Putin, as well as against separatists figures in Crimea. The executive order signed by Mr. Obama laid the legal groundwork to punish Russian companies involved in the arms trade, as well as other officials who work with the Russian government. The administration is now moving on those fronts as well. “The dollar figure is not big,” said Anders Aslund, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington. “But these people are really close to Putin.”
The new sanctions, which are coordinated with an expected imposition of new sanctions by the European Union, deepen the confrontation between the West and Russia. But it remains unclear whether any of this will put a brake on Russia, which has moved swiftly since the referendum in Crimea last Sunday to annex the province. If Europe were to join the United States in targeting Russian individuals, and if Washington were to go after Russia’s energy sector, “That would have a real economic effect,” he said.
The list announced by the Treasury Department included 16 senior Russian government officials and heads of state enterprises, some of whom have longstanding ties to Mr. Putin. Several of these people had already been sanctioned by the European Union.
New to the list were four oligarchs who have amassed vast empires through their ties to the government. In addition to Mr. Timchenko and Mr. Kovalchuk, they are Arkady and Boris Rotenberg, billionaire brothers who were awarded an estimated $7 billion in contracts for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.
The Treasury also designated Bank Rossiya, the 17th-largest Russian bank, of which Mr. Kovalchuk is the largest shareholder. A senior official said that would pinch Mr. Putin and his friends because Rossiya would no longer be able to conduct transactions in dollars and would find its assets frozen in correspondent accounts in European banks.
At least for now, though, a senior American official said he did not expect the European Union to target Russian business executives because it would require additional legal criteria. During Vice President Joseph R. Biden’s trip to Poland and the Baltic states this week, he encountered little desire for broader sanctions against Russia, even in countries with a long history of being subjugated by their Russian neighbor.
Mr. Obama said more sweeping sanctions were not his “preferred outcome,” and analysts said they did not expect him to impose them. Under a new executive order, he could target Russian industrial sectors, including energy, engineering, metals and mining, and financial services.
“Russia must know that further escalation will only isolate it further from the international community,” he said.
The economic calculus favors Washington, analysts said: Even significantly tougher sanctions — the kind applied to countries like Iran — would probably have only a muted effect on the American economy because of the modest size of the Russian economy and its limited trade ties with the United States.
A senior Treasury official said there were already signs that the sanctions were having an impact. On Thursday, Standard & Poor’s, the ratings agency, downgraded its outlook on the Russian economy to negative. And jitters over Crimea have weakened the Russian stock market and the value of the ruble.
In Russia, officials reacted to the sanctions with a mix of indignation and contempt. Russia’s foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, said, “They are illegitimate. They have no international legal grounds under them.”
Mr. Putin’s spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, denounced them as unacceptable and said Russia’s response “will be based on the principle of reciprocity and will not take long.” He suggested that one of those targeted, Sergei B. Ivanov, who spent over 20 years in the K.G.B.’s foreign intelligence service and is a close friend of Mr. Putin’s, was already barred by “a majority of countries in the West.” “So he is quite accustomed to this situation,” he said.
Another person on the list, Vladimir I. Yakunin, the head of the Russian Railways and a close friend of Mr. Putin’s, said he was being punished for political reasons. “I’m sorry that a country that calls itself democratic uses sanctions for an honest position and for honest statements,” he told the Interfax news agency.
Until now, at least, the prospect of sanctions had done nothing to slow Russia’s speedy absorption of Crimea.
On Thursday, the lower house of the Russian Parliament ratified treaties making Crimea and, separately, the city of Sevastopol, parts of the Russian Federation after a short, highly patriotic debate. In each vote, 445 deputies were in favor while only a handful objected, reflecting the overwhelming support for Mr. Putin’s actions despite the widespread international condemnation. The upper house is scheduled to vote on Friday.
During the debate, many lawmakers wore brown and orange czarist-era ribbons symbolizing military valor.