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Consider mass fluoridation of water, says health body Consider mass fluoridation of water, says health body
(about 1 hour later)
Adding fluoride to water supplies should be considered by councils to improve dental health, the government's public health advisory body says. Adding fluoride to water should be considered by councils in England to improve dental health, the government's public health advisory body says.
Public Health England urged councils to act after reviewing the impact of water fluoridation on children in areas where it has been introduced.Public Health England urged councils to act after reviewing the impact of water fluoridation on children in areas where it has been introduced.
About 6m people - 10% of the country - currently live in areas with fluoridated water supplies.About 6m people - 10% of the country - currently live in areas with fluoridated water supplies.
PHE said it was a "safe and effective" measure. PHE said it was a "safe and effective" public health measure.
It found good evidence it had reduced tooth decay and hospital admissions for dental problems. Its review found it had reduced tooth decay and hospital admissions for dental problems.
The review found there were 45% fewer children aged one to four admitted to hospital for tooth decay in fluoridated areas. In fluoridated areas, there were 45% fewer children aged one to four admitted to hospital.
Levels of general tooth decay were 15% lower for five-year-olds and 11% lower for 12-year-olds.Levels of general tooth decay were 15% lower for five-year-olds and 11% lower for 12-year-olds.
In deprived areas the impact for general tooth decay was even greater.In deprived areas the impact for general tooth decay was even greater.
PHE also looked for signs of harms but found none. It has been suggested water fluoridation can increase the risk of some cancers, hip fractures and Downs syndrome.PHE also looked for signs of harms but found none. It has been suggested water fluoridation can increase the risk of some cancers, hip fractures and Downs syndrome.
Fluoride's main benefit is in helping reduce the risk of tooth decay. Controversial
But critics argue that the long-term health risks are unknown and different studies have produced contrasting results.
Sue Gregory, PHE's director of dental public health, said: "These findings highlight the important contribution that water fluoridation makes."Sue Gregory, PHE's director of dental public health, said: "These findings highlight the important contribution that water fluoridation makes."
She said councils would need to consult their local populations on the issue and conceded there were some technical hurdles to overcome.She said councils would need to consult their local populations on the issue and conceded there were some technical hurdles to overcome.
Water zones tend to span several local authority areas and so fluoridation could require agreement across regions.Water zones tend to span several local authority areas and so fluoridation could require agreement across regions.
England is one of the few countries in Europe that adds fluoride to water, although it is a more popular measures in places such as Australia and the US.
Birmingham was the first place to fluoridate water in the 1960s and since then other areas across the Midlands and in the north west, north east and Yorkshire and the Humber, have taken the step.
But it has proved controversial.
Attempts to add fluoride to the water supply in Hampshire in recent years have run into stiff opposition and even ended up in court with campaigners saying they were concerned about the health impacts.
But the health body proposing the scheme - the South Central Strategic Health Authority - was disbanded last year under the NHS reforms before it could enact the measure.