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| Kobane: Air strikes help Syria town curb IS | Kobane: Air strikes help Syria town curb IS |
| (about 3 hours later) | |
| The US-led coalition has carried out its most sustained air attacks so far on Islamic State fighters attacking the Turkey-Syria border town of Kobane. | The US-led coalition has carried out its most sustained air attacks so far on Islamic State fighters attacking the Turkey-Syria border town of Kobane. |
| Syrian Kurdish fighters said the strikes were the most effective yet but should have come much earlier. | Syrian Kurdish fighters said the strikes were the most effective yet but should have come much earlier. |
| Correspondents said the surge of IS appeared to have been halted. | Correspondents said the surge of IS appeared to have been halted. |
| Earlier Turkey's president warned Kobane was "about to fall" and faced widening protests from Kurds over his refusal to allow military support. | Earlier Turkey's president warned Kobane was "about to fall" and faced widening protests from Kurds over his refusal to allow military support. |
| At least 12 people were killed in protests in Turkey. | |
| At least 400 people have died in three weeks of fighting for Kobane, monitors say, and 160,000 Syrians have fled across the border to Turkey. | At least 400 people have died in three weeks of fighting for Kobane, monitors say, and 160,000 Syrians have fled across the border to Turkey. |
| 'More robust' | 'More robust' |
| The latest media release from the US military confirmed five air strikes around Kobane, saying they were on Monday and Tuesday, but without specifying exactly when. | The latest media release from the US military confirmed five air strikes around Kobane, saying they were on Monday and Tuesday, but without specifying exactly when. |
| At the scene: BBC's Paul Adams on Syria-Turkey border | At the scene: BBC's Paul Adams on Syria-Turkey border |
| Air strikes took centre stage today, apparently bringing the IS advance to a juddering halt. With jets overhead for long periods, IS clearly had to spend time under cover to avoid being hit. As a result, there was nothing like the intensity of fighting seen on Monday. At times, Kobane seemed eerily quiet. | Air strikes took centre stage today, apparently bringing the IS advance to a juddering halt. With jets overhead for long periods, IS clearly had to spend time under cover to avoid being hit. As a result, there was nothing like the intensity of fighting seen on Monday. At times, Kobane seemed eerily quiet. |
| Significantly, it seems the Kurdish defenders of Kobane are now communicating directly with US-led coalition forces. But air strikes alone may not be enough to stop IS taking Kobane in the long run. The Kurdish YPG militia claims to have the upper hand in street fighting, but it is outnumbered and outgunned by IS. | Significantly, it seems the Kurdish defenders of Kobane are now communicating directly with US-led coalition forces. But air strikes alone may not be enough to stop IS taking Kobane in the long run. The Kurdish YPG militia claims to have the upper hand in street fighting, but it is outnumbered and outgunned by IS. |
| Only a ground operation, or significant military assistance from Turkey could carry any guarantee of success, and the prospects for this seem remote. Turkey's conditions are not ones the US seems ready to accommodate. | Only a ground operation, or significant military assistance from Turkey could carry any guarantee of success, and the prospects for this seem remote. Turkey's conditions are not ones the US seems ready to accommodate. |
| Kobane: Too little too late? | Kobane: Too little too late? |
| Surviving on the Turkey-Syria border | Surviving on the Turkey-Syria border |
| It said the attacks had destroyed four IS armed vehicles and an "IS unit", and damaged one IS tank and one armoured vehicle. | It said the attacks had destroyed four IS armed vehicles and an "IS unit", and damaged one IS tank and one armoured vehicle. |
| However, the BBC's Paul Adams, on the Syria-Turkey border, says more air strikes were heard on Tuesday afternoon, bringing the total to eight since 04:00 local time (02:00 GMT) - by far the most sustained coalition action in the area. | However, the BBC's Paul Adams, on the Syria-Turkey border, says more air strikes were heard on Tuesday afternoon, bringing the total to eight since 04:00 local time (02:00 GMT) - by far the most sustained coalition action in the area. |
| He says that as a result, fighting in the city died down considerably - it was quiet but for occasional crackles of gunfire in the afternoon. | He says that as a result, fighting in the city died down considerably - it was quiet but for occasional crackles of gunfire in the afternoon. |
| Meysa Abdo, the top female Kurdish commander in Kobane, told the BBC's Newshour programme: "Since last night we've seen the most effective air strikes around Kobane ever, however they are a bit late. | Meysa Abdo, the top female Kurdish commander in Kobane, told the BBC's Newshour programme: "Since last night we've seen the most effective air strikes around Kobane ever, however they are a bit late. |
| "If the coalition had attacked with such strength and effectiveness beforehand, we wouldn't have seen IS reach the city and destroy so many lives." | "If the coalition had attacked with such strength and effectiveness beforehand, we wouldn't have seen IS reach the city and destroy so many lives." |
| She said there had been some coordination with the coalition on targeting but that it needed to be more robust. She added: "With the help of coalition air strikes we can defeat IS." | She said there had been some coordination with the coalition on targeting but that it needed to be more robust. She added: "With the help of coalition air strikes we can defeat IS." |
| Referring to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's speech earlier on Tuesday in which he said Kobane was "about to fall", Ms Abdo said: "He is dreaming and Kobane will never fall." | Referring to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's speech earlier on Tuesday in which he said Kobane was "about to fall", Ms Abdo said: "He is dreaming and Kobane will never fall." |
| She said there had been fierce fighting: "IS is trying to enter the city but our fighters have shown extreme bravery and resisted their attacks with heavy weapons." | She said there had been fierce fighting: "IS is trying to enter the city but our fighters have shown extreme bravery and resisted their attacks with heavy weapons." |
| In his speech on a visit to a refugee camp for Syrians, Mr Erdogan said air power alone could not defeat IS: "We had warned the West. We wanted three things: no-fly zone, a secure zone parallel to that, and the training of moderate Syrian rebels." | In his speech on a visit to a refugee camp for Syrians, Mr Erdogan said air power alone could not defeat IS: "We had warned the West. We wanted three things: no-fly zone, a secure zone parallel to that, and the training of moderate Syrian rebels." |
| He said that "the terror will not be over... unless we co-operate for a ground operation", although he gave no further details. | He said that "the terror will not be over... unless we co-operate for a ground operation", although he gave no further details. |
| Across Turkey on Tuesday, Kurds vented their anger at the government's lack of military support for the defenders of Kobane. | Across Turkey on Tuesday, Kurds vented their anger at the government's lack of military support for the defenders of Kobane. |
| Analysis: BBC's Mark Lowen in Istanbul | Analysis: BBC's Mark Lowen in Istanbul |
| The crisis in Kobane is reawakening the ghosts of the civil war between Turkey and the Kurds. | The crisis in Kobane is reawakening the ghosts of the civil war between Turkey and the Kurds. |
| While Islamic State tightens its grip on Kobane, Turkey is still holding fire on deploying troops. It remains reluctant to help the Kurdish militia in Syria, which has close links with Kurdish fighters here. | While Islamic State tightens its grip on Kobane, Turkey is still holding fire on deploying troops. It remains reluctant to help the Kurdish militia in Syria, which has close links with Kurdish fighters here. |
| And the Turkish government has again called for the US-led coalition to target the Assad regime as well as IS - and for a no-fly zone to ease the refugee influx into Turkey. But neither goal seems within reach, the US state department reiterating that the air strikes remained focused on IS alone. The Kurds say Turkey's failure to act will lead to the fall of Kobane. | And the Turkish government has again called for the US-led coalition to target the Assad regime as well as IS - and for a no-fly zone to ease the refugee influx into Turkey. But neither goal seems within reach, the US state department reiterating that the air strikes remained focused on IS alone. The Kurds say Turkey's failure to act will lead to the fall of Kobane. |
| Police used tear gas and water cannon as unrest spread to at least six cities. | Police used tear gas and water cannon as unrest spread to at least six cities. |
| One protester was killed in the south-eastern province of Mus. Most of the other deaths were in Diyarbakir, Turkey's largest Kurdish city. | One protester was killed in the south-eastern province of Mus. Most of the other deaths were in Diyarbakir, Turkey's largest Kurdish city. |
| Dozens of Kurdish demonstrators also smashed a glass door and entered the European Parliament in Brussels. | Dozens of Kurdish demonstrators also smashed a glass door and entered the European Parliament in Brussels. |
| Hundreds more protesters demonstrated in Berlin and other German cities. | Hundreds more protesters demonstrated in Berlin and other German cities. |
| In New York, the UN's special envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, said the Syrian Kurds had defended Kobane with great courage and the international community should now take concrete action to support them, although he did not say whether he thought ground troops should join the fight. | In New York, the UN's special envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, said the Syrian Kurds had defended Kobane with great courage and the international community should now take concrete action to support them, although he did not say whether he thought ground troops should join the fight. |