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Iran nuclear talks: foreign minister and John Kerry begin final round Iran nuclear talks: negotiators focus on plan to export uranium as reactor fuel
(about 2 hours later)
Iran was making its red lines clear as talks on a final nuclear deal got under way in Vienna on Saturday. Nuclear negotiators for Iran, obligated to dispose of tons of enriched uranium under an approaching deal, are focusing on a US-backed plan to have Tehran export the material for sale by a second country as reactor fuel, diplomats told the Associated Press on Saturday.
Secretary of State John Kerry and Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif were meeting in a Vienna hotel in the first of what should be several days of negotiations ahead of a Tuesday deadline. While Iran says it does not want nuclear arms, it has more than eight tons that could be turned into the fissile core of a dozen or more atomic bombs if the material were further enriched to weapons-grade levels.
Senior US and Iranian officials said much hard work still needed to be done to bridge significant differences. Each side sought to place the onus on the other to finalise a deal under which Iran would cut back its nuclear programme in exchange for relief from economic sanctions. The export-and-sell option has been floated before, and the diplomats emphasized that the sides have not agreed on that solution in the search for what to do with the low-enriched uranium stockpile.
“If the other side … takes positive steps and does not make excessive demands, we will certainly reach a deal that benefits everyone,” Zarif was quoted as saying by state news agency IRNA, shortly before he met Kerry. But negotiators have little time left to make a decision on the issue with a Tuesday target date looming for a deal.
Significant differences remain, notably over the pace and timing of sanctions relief for Iran and the nature of monitoring mechanisms to ensure Tehran does not cheat on any agreement. Senior Iranian officials publicly rejected shipping out the material in preliminary negotiations, so Tehran’s renewed interest is significant.
“The next few days will be extremely difficult,” a senior western diplomat said on condition of anonymity. The talks may slide at least two or three days past the deadline, the diplomat said. The goal of the talks involving the US, Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia is a comprehensive deal that would crimp Tehran’s capacity to make nuclear weapons in exchange for sanctions relief.
In addition to Iran and the US, the talks include Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia. Foreign ministers from all the nations are expected in Vienna in the coming days to “check in” on the progress of negotiations. Other options discussed would mean changing the enriched uranium into a form that cannot be used for weapons or shipping it abroad for storage, probably in Russia.
The west fears that Iran has been trying to build a nuclear weapon but Iran says its programme is for peaceful purposes only. One of the diplomats said Russia was a key candidate in the idea being floated: Moscow would convert the low-enriched material and Iran would get a large share of the profits from any sale.
Zarif said United Nations sanctions must end immediately after a deal and all other penalties must be removed. The US and others say that will not happen. On the key question of inspections, Zarif said Iran would not accept “exceptional procedures”. Iran says it is enriching only to make reactor fuel and for other nonmilitary purposes.
Under the preliminary deal that led to the current negotiations, Iran has eliminated almost all uranium enriched to levels only a technical step from weapons grade. That leaves it with a stockpile enriched to levels much lower than what would be needed to make the core of an atomic bomb.
Still, the fact that the stockpile could be enriched further to the level needed for bombs makes rendering it harmless a chief priority for the US and the other countries.
The two diplomats are familiar with the talks but spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to discuss the confidential talks.
US secretary of state John Kerry and Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif began meeting Saturday in the Austrian capital in an attempt to advance the negotiations.
Zarif said earlier that a deal was in reach unless the other side presented “excessive demands”.
He said UN sanctions must be lifted immediately after an agreement, and all other penalties also must be removed. The US and its allies say those conditions are unacceptable.
French foreign minister Laurent Fabius said France wants “an accord that is robust that recognizes in Iran the right to civil nuclear but that guarantees that Iran effectively and definitively renounces nuclear arms”.
He said Iran has not “completely” accepted France’s conditions: long-term limitations on Iran’s nuclear research and development; rigorous verification of the deal with few limitations; and “an automatic return of sanctions in case of violations”.
Kerry and Zarif spoke of tough negotiations ahead, in comments that added to the likelihood that the talks will slide into early July.
“We need to work really hard in order to be able to make progress,” Zarif said.
Kerry spoke of “some very tough issues” in the way of a deal, adding: “We have a lot of hard work to do.”