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| Battle for Mosul: Operation to retake Iraqi city from IS begins | Battle for Mosul: Operation to retake Iraqi city from IS begins |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| An Iraqi operation to recapture the city of Mosul, the last stronghold of the so-called Islamic State (IS) in the country, has started. | An Iraqi operation to recapture the city of Mosul, the last stronghold of the so-called Islamic State (IS) in the country, has started. |
| Artillery began firing on the city early on Monday, in a long-awaited assault from Kurdish Peshmerga, Iraqi government and allied forces. | Artillery began firing on the city early on Monday, in a long-awaited assault from Kurdish Peshmerga, Iraqi government and allied forces. |
| Tanks are now moving towards the city, which has been held by IS since 2014. | Tanks are now moving towards the city, which has been held by IS since 2014. |
| The UN has expressed "extreme concern" for the safety of up to 1.5 million people in the area. | The UN has expressed "extreme concern" for the safety of up to 1.5 million people in the area. |
| The BBC's Orla Guerin, who is with Kurdish forces east of Mosul, says tanks are advancing on the city, kicking up clouds of dust. | The BBC's Orla Guerin, who is with Kurdish forces east of Mosul, says tanks are advancing on the city, kicking up clouds of dust. |
| As the operation began, one Kurdish general said: "If I am killed today I will die happy because I have done something for my people." | As the operation began, one Kurdish general said: "If I am killed today I will die happy because I have done something for my people." |
| The US-led coalition fighting IS is backing the assault with air strikes, The operation is complex and analysts say it could last for weeks, if not months. | The US-led coalition fighting IS is backing the assault with air strikes, The operation is complex and analysts say it could last for weeks, if not months. |
| The recapture of the city, capital of the northern Nineveh governorate, would mark the effective defeat of IS in Iraq, officials say. | The recapture of the city, capital of the northern Nineveh governorate, would mark the effective defeat of IS in Iraq, officials say. |
| It was from Mosul that IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared a caliphate - a state governed in accordance with Islamic law - in territory controlled by the group in Iraq and Syria. | It was from Mosul that IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared a caliphate - a state governed in accordance with Islamic law - in territory controlled by the group in Iraq and Syria. |
| The start of the operation was announced by Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi in a televised address in the early hours of Monday (local time), "The hour of victory has come," he said. | |
| "Today I declare the start of the heroic operations to liberate you from Daesh," he said, using another name for IS. | "Today I declare the start of the heroic operations to liberate you from Daesh," he said, using another name for IS. |
| "God willing we will meet in Mosul to celebrate the liberation and your salvation from Isis (IS) so we can live together once again, all religions united and together we shall defeat Daesh to rebuild this dear city of Mosul." | "God willing we will meet in Mosul to celebrate the liberation and your salvation from Isis (IS) so we can live together once again, all religions united and together we shall defeat Daesh to rebuild this dear city of Mosul." |
| Surrounded by senior Iraqi officers, the prime minister vowed that only government forces would enter Mosul, a Sunni-majority city. | Surrounded by senior Iraqi officers, the prime minister vowed that only government forces would enter Mosul, a Sunni-majority city. |
| This, analysts said, was an attempt to counter fears that the operation could turn into a sectarian conflict. | This, analysts said, was an attempt to counter fears that the operation could turn into a sectarian conflict. |
| Pro-government forces are attacking Mosul from an airbase in the strategic town of Qayyarah, about 60km (37 miles) to the south, which was recaptured in August. | Pro-government forces are attacking Mosul from an airbase in the strategic town of Qayyarah, about 60km (37 miles) to the south, which was recaptured in August. |
| How will battle unfold? By Michael Knights, Washington Institute for Near East Policy | How will battle unfold? By Michael Knights, Washington Institute for Near East Policy |
| What can be said with certainty is that the liberation of Mosul will be a multi-phased operation. | What can be said with certainty is that the liberation of Mosul will be a multi-phased operation. |
| First the logistical base for the operation must be established at Qayyarah airbase. This is also the collecting point for the Iraqi forces that will liberate Mosul. | First the logistical base for the operation must be established at Qayyarah airbase. This is also the collecting point for the Iraqi forces that will liberate Mosul. |
| The next phase will be a multi-pronged advance on the outskirts of Mosul. This phase will unfold in fits and spurts: one day 10 miles will be gained easily, another day there will be tough fighting at an IS strongpoint or a pause to bring up supplies. | The next phase will be a multi-pronged advance on the outskirts of Mosul. This phase will unfold in fits and spurts: one day 10 miles will be gained easily, another day there will be tough fighting at an IS strongpoint or a pause to bring up supplies. |
| During November and December the main battle will likely begin. But for the Iraqi and coalition forces the issue of civilians will be a tricky factor. | During November and December the main battle will likely begin. But for the Iraqi and coalition forces the issue of civilians will be a tricky factor. |
| Read more here | Read more here |
| What about the civilians in Mosul? | What about the civilians in Mosul? |
| The UN's under-secretary for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief coordinator, Stephen O'Brien, asked for civilians to be protected and be given access to assistance "they are entitled to and deserve". | The UN's under-secretary for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief coordinator, Stephen O'Brien, asked for civilians to be protected and be given access to assistance "they are entitled to and deserve". |
| "I am extremely concerned for the safety of up to 1.5 million people living in Mosul who may be impacted," he said in statement. | "I am extremely concerned for the safety of up to 1.5 million people living in Mosul who may be impacted," he said in statement. |
| As many as one million people could be forced to flee their homes because of the operation, he added. | As many as one million people could be forced to flee their homes because of the operation, he added. |
| There are no firm figures on how many people remain in Mosul, but there were more than two million there when IS took the city more than two years ago. | There are no firm figures on how many people remain in Mosul, but there were more than two million there when IS took the city more than two years ago. |