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Version 12 Version 13
New Zealand earthquake officially upgraded to magnitude 7.8 – live New Zealand earthquake officially upgraded to magnitude 7.8 – as it happened
(35 minutes later)
7.18am GMT
07:18
Summary
Claire Phipps
one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded on land.
@TonkinTaylor Before (March 2016)/After (Nov 2016) Worldview 2 images of Waipapa Bay (c) NextView. Same location as helicopter pic. pic.twitter.com/tztXvLhTtu
7.04am GMT7.04am GMT
07:0407:04
Here’s our latest report from New Zealand on evacuations and fears for wildlife:Here’s our latest report from New Zealand on evacuations and fears for wildlife:
6.36am GMT6.36am GMT
06:3606:36
The evacuation of Kaikoura is almost complete, Associated Press reports:The evacuation of Kaikoura is almost complete, Associated Press reports:
Air Commodore Darryn Webb, the acting commander of New Zealand’s joint forces, told the Associated Press that crews were loading about 380 people and three dogs on to a navy ship. He said the ship was due to leave Wednesday evening for a six-hour trip to a port near Christchurch.Air Commodore Darryn Webb, the acting commander of New Zealand’s joint forces, told the Associated Press that crews were loading about 380 people and three dogs on to a navy ship. He said the ship was due to leave Wednesday evening for a six-hour trip to a port near Christchurch.
Webb said it had evacuated another 340 people by helicopter since Tuesday.Webb said it had evacuated another 340 people by helicopter since Tuesday.
Other tourists have left by chartering their own helicopters or having air transport provided by their embassy. Some have chosen to stay until an inland road reopens.Other tourists have left by chartering their own helicopters or having air transport provided by their embassy. Some have chosen to stay until an inland road reopens.
“I think it’s gone really well,” Webb said. “We were fortunate to have a reasonable break in the weather today.”“I think it’s gone really well,” Webb said. “We were fortunate to have a reasonable break in the weather today.”
Webb said warships from Australia, Canada and the US are due to arrive soon and would help restock the town with water, fuel and other supplies as well as transport and needed equipment.Webb said warships from Australia, Canada and the US are due to arrive soon and would help restock the town with water, fuel and other supplies as well as transport and needed equipment.
6.20am GMT6.20am GMT
06:2006:20
Eleanor Ainge RoyEleanor Ainge Roy
As the dust begins to settle three days after New Zealand’s devastating earthquake, there are growing concerns for the fate of endangered marine wildlife off the coast of Kaikoura, with experts unable to get out to sea to assess their condition.As the dust begins to settle three days after New Zealand’s devastating earthquake, there are growing concerns for the fate of endangered marine wildlife off the coast of Kaikoura, with experts unable to get out to sea to assess their condition.
A submarine canyon 800m off the Kaikoura shore is responsible for the rich array of marine animals attracted to the area, including half a dozen species of whale, rare and endangered dolphins, blue penguins, New Zealand fur seals and protected native bird life.A submarine canyon 800m off the Kaikoura shore is responsible for the rich array of marine animals attracted to the area, including half a dozen species of whale, rare and endangered dolphins, blue penguins, New Zealand fur seals and protected native bird life.
But with aftershocks continuing to roll and the threat of tsunamis still possible, the only marine vessels able to get anywhere near the coast of Kaikoura are navy ships on rescue missions.But with aftershocks continuing to roll and the threat of tsunamis still possible, the only marine vessels able to get anywhere near the coast of Kaikoura are navy ships on rescue missions.
Two Otago University whale researchers are currently holed up in a rental house north of Kaikoura. According to their supervisor Liz Slooton, the pair are desperate to get on the water to assess the quake’s effect on Kaikoura’s population of whales, which have always been a major drawcard for tourists.Two Otago University whale researchers are currently holed up in a rental house north of Kaikoura. According to their supervisor Liz Slooton, the pair are desperate to get on the water to assess the quake’s effect on Kaikoura’s population of whales, which have always been a major drawcard for tourists.
But with dwindling fuel supplies and no reserves coming any time soon, marine wildlife surveys are out of the question.But with dwindling fuel supplies and no reserves coming any time soon, marine wildlife surveys are out of the question.
“Nobody is going on the water, not the local fisherman or tour operators – nobody,” said Professor Steve Dawson from Otago University. “It is too unsafe and may remain so for some time. At the moment we are forced to do nothing.”“Nobody is going on the water, not the local fisherman or tour operators – nobody,” said Professor Steve Dawson from Otago University. “It is too unsafe and may remain so for some time. At the moment we are forced to do nothing.”
The department of conservation (DOC) said it may be some weeks before its rangers will be able to take full stock of the quake’s effect on vulnerable wildlife.The department of conservation (DOC) said it may be some weeks before its rangers will be able to take full stock of the quake’s effect on vulnerable wildlife.
“It is clear from reports that the recent earthquakes have impacted upon wildlife, including seals, penguins and seabirds,” said Ian Angus, DOC’s manager of marine species and threats.“It is clear from reports that the recent earthquakes have impacted upon wildlife, including seals, penguins and seabirds,” said Ian Angus, DOC’s manager of marine species and threats.
The DOC said that it was likely some New Zealand fur seals may have been killed when a landslide squashed their protected breeding grounds at Ohau Point.The DOC said that it was likely some New Zealand fur seals may have been killed when a landslide squashed their protected breeding grounds at Ohau Point.
Otago University Associate Professor of Marine Science Bruce Robertson said although the loss of breeding grounds would be a cause for a localised drop in seal numbers, nation-wide the New Zealand fur seal population was steadily increasing, and he expected the Ohau Point population would soon establish new breeding grounds nearby, as female seals would need to beach to give birth in the coming weeks.Otago University Associate Professor of Marine Science Bruce Robertson said although the loss of breeding grounds would be a cause for a localised drop in seal numbers, nation-wide the New Zealand fur seal population was steadily increasing, and he expected the Ohau Point population would soon establish new breeding grounds nearby, as female seals would need to beach to give birth in the coming weeks.
“There is some evidence that seals could have felt the tremors before humans did and fled to the water before the landslide, so possibly quite a few escaped” said Robertson.“There is some evidence that seals could have felt the tremors before humans did and fled to the water before the landslide, so possibly quite a few escaped” said Robertson.
5.55am GMT5.55am GMT
05:5505:55
The difference between magnitude 7.5 and 7.8The difference between magnitude 7.5 and 7.8
The upward revising of Monday’s earthquake from 7.5 to 7.8 might not seem huge, but it means more than the 0.3 difference might suggest.The upward revising of Monday’s earthquake from 7.5 to 7.8 might not seem huge, but it means more than the 0.3 difference might suggest.
The handy calculator at the US Geological Survey shows that a magnitude 7.8 earthquake is nearly twice as big (1.995 times) as a 7.5 quake.The handy calculator at the US Geological Survey shows that a magnitude 7.8 earthquake is nearly twice as big (1.995 times) as a 7.5 quake.
And a 7.8 quake is 2.818 times stronger, in terms of energy release, than a 7.5.And a 7.8 quake is 2.818 times stronger, in terms of energy release, than a 7.5.
An immediate effect could be that aftershocks could persist for longer and be stronger than had been expected.An immediate effect could be that aftershocks could persist for longer and be stronger than had been expected.
5.39am GMT5.39am GMT
05:3905:39
The revised magnitude of 7.8 makes this the largest earthquake in New Zealand since the Dusky Sound quake of July 2009 – also a 7.8.The revised magnitude of 7.8 makes this the largest earthquake in New Zealand since the Dusky Sound quake of July 2009 – also a 7.8.
Then, the remote location – at New Zealand’s south-west tip, in the Fiordland National Park – meant there were no recorded casualties and few landslides.Then, the remote location – at New Zealand’s south-west tip, in the Fiordland National Park – meant there were no recorded casualties and few landslides.
Prior to Dusky Sound, Geonet reports, New Zealand’s largest quakes were the Buller of 1929 and the Hawke’s Bay earthquake of 1931. Both of these were also magnitude 7.8.Prior to Dusky Sound, Geonet reports, New Zealand’s largest quakes were the Buller of 1929 and the Hawke’s Bay earthquake of 1931. Both of these were also magnitude 7.8.
5.25am GMT5.25am GMT
05:2505:25
The home of the critically endangered Hutton Shearwater in Kaikoura has been severely damaged by the quake.The home of the critically endangered Hutton Shearwater in Kaikoura has been severely damaged by the quake.
Karen Baird, Seabird Conservation Advocate for conservation organisation says:Karen Baird, Seabird Conservation Advocate for conservation organisation says:
The earthquake has caused a landslide that has damaged the breeding grounds of our critically endangered Hutton Shearwater. Half of the largest colony has slipped away (there are two colonies).The earthquake has caused a landslide that has damaged the breeding grounds of our critically endangered Hutton Shearwater. Half of the largest colony has slipped away (there are two colonies).
Birds will be on eggs at the moment, so it’s a devastating loss for a species already considered at risk.Birds will be on eggs at the moment, so it’s a devastating loss for a species already considered at risk.
However, this is a risk the birds always faced as our important bird areas report predicts geological events like this have the potential to wipe out 10%-49% of the Hutton’s Shearwater colony, depending on timing of breeding.However, this is a risk the birds always faced as our important bird areas report predicts geological events like this have the potential to wipe out 10%-49% of the Hutton’s Shearwater colony, depending on timing of breeding.
Sad news from Kaikoura where half of one of two breeding colonies for Hutton's Shearwater has slipped away. #EQNZ https://t.co/HRrvOuBQdO pic.twitter.com/q5ITReZUUDSad news from Kaikoura where half of one of two breeding colonies for Hutton's Shearwater has slipped away. #EQNZ https://t.co/HRrvOuBQdO pic.twitter.com/q5ITReZUUD
5.11am GMT5.11am GMT
05:1105:11
'One of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded on land''One of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded on land'
Geonet, which had originally (with caveats) recorded the mainshock at 7.5 magnitude, has posted a statement on the new 7.8 rating. It explains:Geonet, which had originally (with caveats) recorded the mainshock at 7.5 magnitude, has posted a statement on the new 7.8 rating. It explains:
Early indications are that this is one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded on land. This complexity means we have had to take extraordinary efforts to determine the magnitude, depth, and locations …Early indications are that this is one of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded on land. This complexity means we have had to take extraordinary efforts to determine the magnitude, depth, and locations …
Due to the size of the quakes, we’ve gathered data from our entire network of seismic stations. All of these stations would not normally need to be included in magnitude estimates.Due to the size of the quakes, we’ve gathered data from our entire network of seismic stations. All of these stations would not normally need to be included in magnitude estimates.
Further, our techs at GeoNet went out to several sites which we lost communication with and we have now been able to upload this information, so we have a more complete understanding of the ground deformation and strong-motion data.Further, our techs at GeoNet went out to several sites which we lost communication with and we have now been able to upload this information, so we have a more complete understanding of the ground deformation and strong-motion data.
Finally, our science teams have been working tirelessly, going up and down the affected areas and measuring the length of faults and how much they moved. Their efforts have provided us with a clearer picture as to the size and length of the ruptures.Finally, our science teams have been working tirelessly, going up and down the affected areas and measuring the length of faults and how much they moved. Their efforts have provided us with a clearer picture as to the size and length of the ruptures.
Based on all these ongoing efforts, we can say with some confidence that the earthquake was an M7.8.Based on all these ongoing efforts, we can say with some confidence that the earthquake was an M7.8.
This is consistent with estimates from several other international agencies, specifically the USGS. Their early model provided us important information and we used all our additional data sets to confirm the magnitude.This is consistent with estimates from several other international agencies, specifically the USGS. Their early model provided us important information and we used all our additional data sets to confirm the magnitude.
4.54am GMT4.54am GMT
04:5404:54
600 people evacuated from Kaikoura600 people evacuated from Kaikoura
The acting minister of civil defence, Gerry Brownlee, also offered an update on the evacuations from Kaikoura:The acting minister of civil defence, Gerry Brownlee, also offered an update on the evacuations from Kaikoura:
The HMNZS Canterbury will this evening set sail to Lyttelton [a port town close to Christchurch] with about 390 evacuees from Kaikoura on board.The HMNZS Canterbury will this evening set sail to Lyttelton [a port town close to Christchurch] with about 390 evacuees from Kaikoura on board.
The ship is expected to arrive around 11pm tonight, depending on weather conditions and the amount of time it takes to upload those waiting in Kaikoura.The ship is expected to arrive around 11pm tonight, depending on weather conditions and the amount of time it takes to upload those waiting in Kaikoura.
The New Zealand defence force (NZDF) has now evacuated about 600 people from Kaikoura. Evacuations will continue for as long as necessary and, as of tomorrow, several ships from other nations – including the USS Sampson – will arrive off the Kaikoura coast ready to be mobilised as required.The New Zealand defence force (NZDF) has now evacuated about 600 people from Kaikoura. Evacuations will continue for as long as necessary and, as of tomorrow, several ships from other nations – including the USS Sampson – will arrive off the Kaikoura coast ready to be mobilised as required.
Meanwhile, the NZDF is continuing to inspect the inland route into Kaikoura from the south, through Waiau, to determine the condition of the road.Meanwhile, the NZDF is continuing to inspect the inland route into Kaikoura from the south, through Waiau, to determine the condition of the road.
At this stage it’s hoped the route will be cleared by the weekend. NZDF is using all-terrain vehicles on the road and, once reopened, access will be controlled by the New Zealand police.At this stage it’s hoped the route will be cleared by the weekend. NZDF is using all-terrain vehicles on the road and, once reopened, access will be controlled by the New Zealand police.
You can read the Guardian’s dispatch from Waiau here:You can read the Guardian’s dispatch from Waiau here:
4.40am GMT4.40am GMT
04:4004:40
New aftershock forecast: larger and longerNew aftershock forecast: larger and longer
Gerry Brownlee, the acting minister of civil defence, has explained why the magnitude of Monday’s mainshock has been revised upwards:Gerry Brownlee, the acting minister of civil defence, has explained why the magnitude of Monday’s mainshock has been revised upwards:
GNS Science informed my office of the revised magnitude earlier today after reassessing the data from its stations across the country.GNS Science informed my office of the revised magnitude earlier today after reassessing the data from its stations across the country.
Because it took over a minute for the fault to rupture during this event, the standard method normally used to calculate the energy released during an earthquake was insufficient.Because it took over a minute for the fault to rupture during this event, the standard method normally used to calculate the energy released during an earthquake was insufficient.
The revised magnitude just tells us what anyone who felt the earthquake would already know – that it was a powerful tremor that lasted for a long time.The revised magnitude just tells us what anyone who felt the earthquake would already know – that it was a powerful tremor that lasted for a long time.
It does not change what happened or how central government or local authorities responded. It simply provides us with more knowledge about how significant this earthquake was.It does not change what happened or how central government or local authorities responded. It simply provides us with more knowledge about how significant this earthquake was.
As expected with a larger earthquake, the revised magnitude does have an effect on the probabilities of forecast aftershocks, meaning it is now forecast that aftershocks may be larger in magnitude for a longer period of time.As expected with a larger earthquake, the revised magnitude does have an effect on the probabilities of forecast aftershocks, meaning it is now forecast that aftershocks may be larger in magnitude for a longer period of time.
UpdatedUpdated
at 4.41am GMTat 4.41am GMT
4.28am GMT4.28am GMT
04:2804:28
Reports had varied on the strength of the initial quake that struck shortly after midnight on Monday morning.Reports had varied on the strength of the initial quake that struck shortly after midnight on Monday morning.
New Zealand’s own monitoring service, Geonet, had measured the earthquake as magnitude 7.5 (and that’s what we at the Guardian have been using in our reporting up to now).New Zealand’s own monitoring service, Geonet, had measured the earthquake as magnitude 7.5 (and that’s what we at the Guardian have been using in our reporting up to now).
But other monitors, including the United States Geological Survey(USGS), already had it at 7.8.But other monitors, including the United States Geological Survey(USGS), already had it at 7.8.
Here’s how Geonet described the discrepancy on Tuesday:Here’s how Geonet described the discrepancy on Tuesday:
Why were our magnitudes different from the USGS: About magnitude variabilityWhy were our magnitudes different from the USGS: About magnitude variability
We have currently established that the New Zealand local magnitude for this earthquake is 7.5, but this may be reviewed over time when more detailed research is undertaken. This may bring it closer to the internationally-derived value (e.g. Mw7.8 by the US Geological Survey).We have currently established that the New Zealand local magnitude for this earthquake is 7.5, but this may be reviewed over time when more detailed research is undertaken. This may bring it closer to the internationally-derived value (e.g. Mw7.8 by the US Geological Survey).
This has now happened, the NZ government has confirmed.This has now happened, the NZ government has confirmed.
4.23am GMT4.23am GMT
04:2304:23
Initial quake revised upwards to magnitude 7.8Initial quake revised upwards to magnitude 7.8
The New Zealand government has officially upgraded the magnitude of Monday’s earthquake from 7.5 to 7.8.The New Zealand government has officially upgraded the magnitude of Monday’s earthquake from 7.5 to 7.8.
UpdatedUpdated
at 4.23am GMTat 4.23am GMT
4.11am GMT4.11am GMT
04:1104:11
Evacuations from Kaikoura continue, with hundreds of people – mostly tourists – who have been trapped since the town was cut off from road access now being taken out by boat to the navy vessel HMNZS Canterbury:Evacuations from Kaikoura continue, with hundreds of people – mostly tourists – who have been trapped since the town was cut off from road access now being taken out by boat to the navy vessel HMNZS Canterbury:
3.47am GMT3.47am GMT
03:4703:47
1,823 quakes since first shock1,823 quakes since first shock
The latest report from Geonet, New Zealand’s earthquake monitor, tallies the number of quakes felt in the country since Monday’s mainshock at 1,823.The latest report from Geonet, New Zealand’s earthquake monitor, tallies the number of quakes felt in the country since Monday’s mainshock at 1,823.
At 4.30pm local time (2.30pm AEDT, 3.30am GMT), Geonet had recorded 15 quakes in the previous hour, and 307 in the preceding 12 hours.At 4.30pm local time (2.30pm AEDT, 3.30am GMT), Geonet had recorded 15 quakes in the previous hour, and 307 in the preceding 12 hours.
Eighteen of those were over magnitude 4.Eighteen of those were over magnitude 4.
16.30 pm update: 15 eqs in last hour, 307 eqs in last 12 hrs (18 over M4) and 1823 eqs since the M7.5. Kaikoura Earthquake #eqnz #Kaikoura pic.twitter.com/35EB74OXpD16.30 pm update: 15 eqs in last hour, 307 eqs in last 12 hrs (18 over M4) and 1823 eqs since the M7.5. Kaikoura Earthquake #eqnz #Kaikoura pic.twitter.com/35EB74OXpD
3.34am GMT3.34am GMT
03:3403:34
One unexpected side-effect of the quake has been the apparent raising of the seabed at Kaikoura.One unexpected side-effect of the quake has been the apparent raising of the seabed at Kaikoura.
Dr Joshu Mountjoy, a marine geologist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, told stuff.co.nz the phenomenon was probably due to movement of the Hundalee fault:Dr Joshu Mountjoy, a marine geologist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, told stuff.co.nz the phenomenon was probably due to movement of the Hundalee fault:
Some faults go side-to-side while others move vertically, like in this case, where the fault has pushed the land up into the air, and it appears to be by about a metre.Some faults go side-to-side while others move vertically, like in this case, where the fault has pushed the land up into the air, and it appears to be by about a metre.
Aerial pictures from Kaikoura showed the changes in the coastline:Aerial pictures from Kaikoura showed the changes in the coastline:
Aerial photographs show the seabed uplift north of Kaikoura - estimated to be between 2 - 2.5 metres. #EQNZ pic.twitter.com/WLkSj4Xx9mAerial photographs show the seabed uplift north of Kaikoura - estimated to be between 2 - 2.5 metres. #EQNZ pic.twitter.com/WLkSj4Xx9m
Further north up the coast, in Waipapa Bay, similar shifts were apparent:Further north up the coast, in Waipapa Bay, similar shifts were apparent:
@TonkinTaylor Before (March 2016)/After (Nov 2016) Worldview 2 images of Waipapa Bay (c) NextView. Same location as helicopter pic. pic.twitter.com/tztXvLhTtu@TonkinTaylor Before (March 2016)/After (Nov 2016) Worldview 2 images of Waipapa Bay (c) NextView. Same location as helicopter pic. pic.twitter.com/tztXvLhTtu
3.04am GMT3.04am GMT
03:0403:04
Kaikoura evacuations: summaryKaikoura evacuations: summary
Reuters has this report on the latest from the South Island coastal town:Reuters has this report on the latest from the South Island coastal town:
Two New Zealand navy vessels on Wednesday reached a small South Island town cut off for more than two days by a devastating earthquake, bringing supplies of food and water and plans to evacuate hundreds of stranded tourists and residents.Two New Zealand navy vessels on Wednesday reached a small South Island town cut off for more than two days by a devastating earthquake, bringing supplies of food and water and plans to evacuate hundreds of stranded tourists and residents.
Prime minister John Key went to Kaikoura by helicopter to inspect damage to roads that cut off the seaside tourist town after the 7.5 magnitude quake that struck just after midnight on Sunday.Prime minister John Key went to Kaikoura by helicopter to inspect damage to roads that cut off the seaside tourist town after the 7.5 magnitude quake that struck just after midnight on Sunday.
Flew down to Kaikoura again today to check in with locals and get an idea of what further support the region needs. pic.twitter.com/XbpTxZ0bEDFlew down to Kaikoura again today to check in with locals and get an idea of what further support the region needs. pic.twitter.com/XbpTxZ0bED
The government was expecting to receive satellite imagery later on Wednesday to assess massive landslips around the country. The quake buffeted much of central New Zealand and left two people dead.The government was expecting to receive satellite imagery later on Wednesday to assess massive landslips around the country. The quake buffeted much of central New Zealand and left two people dead.
“Look at this road here,” Key said on his journey to Kaikoura, around 150km (90 miles) north of Christchurch. “I just don’t see how you can ever repair that bit of road. The whole mountain has moved over.”“Look at this road here,” Key said on his journey to Kaikoura, around 150km (90 miles) north of Christchurch. “I just don’t see how you can ever repair that bit of road. The whole mountain has moved over.”
Pictures shared on social media showed large sections of rocky coast covered in seaweed and abalone, apparently lifted out of the sea by the force of the quake. Huge landslides covered access roads and rail routes. One train was caught between two slips.Pictures shared on social media showed large sections of rocky coast covered in seaweed and abalone, apparently lifted out of the sea by the force of the quake. Huge landslides covered access roads and rail routes. One train was caught between two slips.
The HMNZS Wellington was surveying the harbour area at Kaikoura to ensure that it was safe for vessels, civil defence director Sarah Stuart-Black told reporters.The HMNZS Wellington was surveying the harbour area at Kaikoura to ensure that it was safe for vessels, civil defence director Sarah Stuart-Black told reporters.
Officials said more than 400 people had been evacuated by helicopters from Kaikoura, including a dozen who were injured. “Between 700 and 1,000 people still require evacuation,” Stuart-Black said.Officials said more than 400 people had been evacuated by helicopters from Kaikoura, including a dozen who were injured. “Between 700 and 1,000 people still require evacuation,” Stuart-Black said.
2.44am GMT2.44am GMT
02:4402:44
A sense of the scale of the task ahead clearing roads to Kaikoura and other towns cut off by landslides is emerging as more pictures arrive.A sense of the scale of the task ahead clearing roads to Kaikoura and other towns cut off by landslides is emerging as more pictures arrive.
This is the road to Waiau (read more about how that town is coping here):This is the road to Waiau (read more about how that town is coping here):
2.29am GMT2.29am GMT
02:2902:29
Evacuations – principally of tourists – are continuing from Kaikoura. In addition to the airlifts that began yesterday, HMNZS Canterbury is now anchored nearby and people are being taken out of the stranded town by sea.Evacuations – principally of tourists – are continuing from Kaikoura. In addition to the airlifts that began yesterday, HMNZS Canterbury is now anchored nearby and people are being taken out of the stranded town by sea.
Those 1200-odd tourists being evacuated from Kaikoura sure come with a lot of luggage @thetvnews #eqnz pic.twitter.com/KuspoOvbS3Those 1200-odd tourists being evacuated from Kaikoura sure come with a lot of luggage @thetvnews #eqnz pic.twitter.com/KuspoOvbS3
And supplies for the residents of Kaikoura are making their way in:And supplies for the residents of Kaikoura are making their way in:
Supplies are coming thick & fast on choppers returning from Woodend @NZRedCross welfare centre #Kaikoura #eqnz pic.twitter.com/IKt3ue9U7zSupplies are coming thick & fast on choppers returning from Woodend @NZRedCross welfare centre #Kaikoura #eqnz pic.twitter.com/IKt3ue9U7z