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Citizenship case: high court considers MPs' eligibility – live Citizenship case: high court considers MPs' eligibility – live
(35 minutes later)
5.53am BST
05:53
The (free) judgements are starting to roll in.
I would disqualify them all, except maybe Xenophon, who I reckon tried pretty damn hard. I await my judicial appointment.
Having a quick look at the comments (yes, I lurk) and social media, there seems to be a consensus about ignorance not being an excuse.
But there is every chance the high court will disagree – not necessarily falling on the side of ignorance, but examining whether being granted citizenship by descent, or through a foreign power’s law changes, is something section 44 was meant to cover, and whether it is reasonable that people know to check.
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5.45am BST
05:45
Bennett now going through Italian citizenship law history #Citizenship7
We are all learning more than we ever needed to about various citizenship laws and how they came to be.
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05:43
“Unfortunately Senator Canavan at the age of two did not have an understanding of Italian constitutional law,” Bennett says with a drawl.
It’s been a long day. Everyone is doing their best to find the lols where they can.
5.42am BST
05:42
Bennett points out that when Canavan’s mother, Maria, was born, her father had already naturalised as an Australian citizen, and had lost his Italian citizenship.
Then the Italian law changed and Maria, as well as two-year-old Matthew, became Italian citizens by descent, which Bennett refers to as “an event”.
That “event” being the Italian court decided it was discriminatory to limit citizenship by descent to the male line, and women could also pass it on.
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5.36am BST
05:36
Bret Walker finishes and David Bennett picks it up for Matt Canavan
David Bennett thanks Bret Walker and says he has laid out a lot of the case, but focusses in on Matt Canavan who, with his Italian citizenship by descent, has an extra layer of complexity.
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05:30
The court is attempting to understand what Walker is arguing in regards to knowledge of foreign citizenship, or not turning your mind to the potential for foreign citizenship.
He says the case draws the line at “wilful blindness”.
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05:2705:27
Reasonable steps are “not your state of mind, its what you do,” Walker clarifies under questioning. Reasonable steps are “not your state of mind, it’s what you do,” Walker clarifies under questioning.
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05:2305:23
“Once one knows then we submit the disqualification rules apply, unless you can point to having done everything you can do reasonably,” Walker says.“Once one knows then we submit the disqualification rules apply, unless you can point to having done everything you can do reasonably,” Walker says.
Walker says the choice of what to do then, before entering parliament, only applies to one who knows they have it.Walker says the choice of what to do then, before entering parliament, only applies to one who knows they have it.
Skyes v Cleary is up again, because that is the case which set out those reasonable steps to divest a candidate of any foreign citizenship political parties have relied on since 1992 when it comes to this stuff.Skyes v Cleary is up again, because that is the case which set out those reasonable steps to divest a candidate of any foreign citizenship political parties have relied on since 1992 when it comes to this stuff.
But Walker is arguing that if you didn’t know you were a foreign citizen, then you couldn’t be expected to take reasonable steps, because you didn’t know they were necessary.But Walker is arguing that if you didn’t know you were a foreign citizen, then you couldn’t be expected to take reasonable steps, because you didn’t know they were necessary.
That is essentially what the government has set out as well.That is essentially what the government has set out as well.
5.19am BST5.19am BST
05:1905:19
Walker, on behalf of his clients, is arguing that section 44 was designed for those who knew of their foreign citizenship and did nothing to renounce it.Walker, on behalf of his clients, is arguing that section 44 was designed for those who knew of their foreign citizenship and did nothing to renounce it.
“It is knowledge of foreign citizenship that is the key. That is the key,” he says, under questioning of the justices.“It is knowledge of foreign citizenship that is the key. That is the key,” he says, under questioning of the justices.
Again - this may be the point that the whole seven cases rest on. Again, this may be the point that the whole seven cases rest on.
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05:1405:14
Walker is essentially fleshing out his two main points. First, that citizenship by descent should be considered differently because “it is not like the place of one’s birth” and the different foreign laws which govern who is a citizen by descent and who is not.Walker is essentially fleshing out his two main points. First, that citizenship by descent should be considered differently because “it is not like the place of one’s birth” and the different foreign laws which govern who is a citizen by descent and who is not.
His main second point is if you didn’t know you were a foreign citizen, then you didn’t really have split loyalties and could not have been expected to take the steps to renounce it. So the argument is not so much ignorance of the law, or the constitution, but ignorance of your own citizenship circumstances.His main second point is if you didn’t know you were a foreign citizen, then you didn’t really have split loyalties and could not have been expected to take the steps to renounce it. So the argument is not so much ignorance of the law, or the constitution, but ignorance of your own citizenship circumstances.
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5.09am BST
05:09
We are back on the history of section 44, with Walker saying the eventual final words used in the constitution were for those who knew of their foreign citizenship and did nothing to renounce it.
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05:05
Walker says there is “no split allegiance when you are not aware of one of them”.
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04:59
For those playing along at home - here is a list of counsel appearing for the citizenship cases (the Commonwealth is picking up the bill) pic.twitter.com/5dWNhxusqE
4.48am BST
04:48
Walker does concede that Australians who, for some reason, have no ambition to enter parliament, may see dual citizenship as a “boon, not a burden”.
4.47am BST
04:47
Walker is now talking about citizenship by descent. He says he has not found anything in the citizenship by descent cases, mentioning Joyce and Nash, that there is not a lot to contradict Australia’s laws.
The citizenship by descent worked for only one generation, he says, for Joyce and Nash, unlike Canavan which was citizenship by “indefinite” descent.
That’s a quick summary of the differences in foreign law the court is dealing with – New Zealand and the UK grant citizenship by descent to to the children of a citizen, where Italy allows it for as long as the descendant citizenship line remains unbroken. So if Nonna or Nonno renounced their Italian citizenship, then their children and grandchildren et al would not have received citizenship by descent.
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04:41
The second part of the case Walker is contending is the “exorbitant” foreign citizenship laws.
In plain English, that is a reference to how five of the seven, at least as far as the government is concerned, were impacted by a foreign power’s laws, having made no moves themselves to apply for that citizenship.
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4.37am BST
04:37
Walker says it is clear Sykes v Cleary does not address people who were not aware of their foreign citizenship.
“Why it is chiefly important in our case is because we say it is clear there was no knowledge” and thereby, they could not take the steps to renounce it, Walker says.
I am paraphrasing here, but we are prohibited from recording high court proceedings.
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4.31am BST
04:31
The solicitor-general has concluded
And with that, the solicitor-general Stephen Donaghue sits down.
On to Bret Walker (who is considered a rock star in these circles).
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04:30
He brings up the emails, including “the enquiry am I still a British citizen” as the subject line, which Roberts sent before he nominated for parliament.
He sent that email to .sydneyuk and when he didn’t get a reply, he sent another email saying he renounced his citizenship.
Sending an email is not enough, Donaghue agrees – given there is a form and fee to return to the UK Home Office.
Donaghue says the government submits that, unless the high court decides to move away from Sykes v Cleary, it contends Roberts did not take reasonable steps to renounce his citizenship and should be disqualified.
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4.27am BST
04:27
Donaghue is back on Malcolm Roberts (page 1,279 of the submission he has put forward to the justices).
He brings up how in May 1974, when he was 19, Roberts became an Australian citizen.
“He was a British citizen and the suggestion that he was aware that he was a British citizen was confirmed by the terms ... that is a critical fact in circumstances that will apply [in whether or not someone should have taken reasonable steps],” Donaghue argues.
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