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Israel-Gaza violence: The conflict explained | |
(32 minutes later) | |
An escalation of fighting between Israelis and Palestinians has led the UN to warn of a "full-scale war". | An escalation of fighting between Israelis and Palestinians has led the UN to warn of a "full-scale war". |
The latest violence followed a month of rising tensions in Jerusalem, though the conflict has gone on for decades. | |
How did it start? | How did it start? |
Bethlehem in the early 20th century | Bethlehem in the early 20th century |
A 100-year-old issue | A 100-year-old issue |
Britain took control of the area known as Palestine after the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated in WW1. | Britain took control of the area known as Palestine after the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated in WW1. |
The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. | The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. |
Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. | Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. |
For Jews, it was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. | For Jews, it was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. |
A Haganah (Jewish Underground) fighter just before the start of the Israeli War of Independence 1948 | A Haganah (Jewish Underground) fighter just before the start of the Israeli War of Independence 1948 |
Between the 1920s and 40s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe and seeking a homeland after the Holocaust of WWII. | Between the 1920s and 40s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe and seeking a homeland after the Holocaust of WWII. |
Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also grew. | Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also grew. |
In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city. | In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city. |
That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. | That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. |
The soldiers of allied Arab Legion forces fire on Jewish fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defence force in March 1948 | The soldiers of allied Arab Legion forces fire on Jewish fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defence force in March 1948 |
The creation of Israel and the 'Catastrophe' | The creation of Israel and the 'Catastrophe' |
In 1948, unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. | In 1948, unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. |
Many Palestinians objected and a war followed. Troops from neighbouring Arab countries invaded. | Many Palestinians objected and a war followed. Troops from neighbouring Arab countries invaded. |
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe". | Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe". |
By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. | By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. |
Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. | Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. |
Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. | Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. |
Because there was never a peace agreement - each side blamed the other - there were more wars and fighting in the decades which followed. | Because there was never a peace agreement - each side blamed the other - there were more wars and fighting in the decades which followed. |
The map today | The map today |
In another war in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, as well as most of the Syrian Golan Heights, and Gaza and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula. | In another war in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, as well as most of the Syrian Golan Heights, and Gaza and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula. |
Most Palestinian refugees and their descendants live in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in neighbouring Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. | Most Palestinian refugees and their descendants live in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in neighbouring Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. |
Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. | Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. |
Israeli military commanders arrive in East Jerusalem, after Israeli forces seized East Jerusalem, during the Six Day War in 1967 | Israeli military commanders arrive in East Jerusalem, after Israeli forces seized East Jerusalem, during the Six Day War in 1967 |
Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as part of occupied territory. | Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as part of occupied territory. |
Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognise Israel's claim to the whole of the city. | Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognise Israel's claim to the whole of the city. |
In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than 600,000 Jews now live. | In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than 600,000 Jews now live. |
Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. | Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. |
What's happening now? | What's happening now? |
Tensions are often high between Israel and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank. | Tensions are often high between Israel and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank. |
Gaza is ruled by a Palestinian militant group called Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas. | Gaza is ruled by a Palestinian militant group called Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas. |
Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank say they're suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. Israel say it is only acting to protect itself from Palestinian violence. | Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank say they're suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. Israel say it is only acting to protect itself from Palestinian violence. |
Things have escalated since the start of the holy Muslim month of Ramadan in mid-April 2021, with nightly clashes between police and Palestinians. | Things have escalated since the start of the holy Muslim month of Ramadan in mid-April 2021, with nightly clashes between police and Palestinians. |
The threatened eviction of some Palestinian families in East Jerusalem has also caused rising anger. | The threatened eviction of some Palestinian families in East Jerusalem has also caused rising anger. |
Tear gas is fired at protestors during clashes with Israeli forces near the border between the Gaza strip and Israel | Tear gas is fired at protestors during clashes with Israeli forces near the border between the Gaza strip and Israel |
What are the main problems? | What are the main problems? |
There are a number of issues which Israel and the Palestinians cannot agree on. | There are a number of issues which Israel and the Palestinians cannot agree on. |
These include what should happen to Palestinian refugees, whether Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank should stay or be removed, whether the two sides should share Jerusalem, and - perhaps most tricky of all - whether a Palestinian state should be created alongside Israel. | These include what should happen to Palestinian refugees, whether Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank should stay or be removed, whether the two sides should share Jerusalem, and - perhaps most tricky of all - whether a Palestinian state should be created alongside Israel. |
Peace talks have been taking place on and off for more than 25 years, but so far have not solved the conflict. | Peace talks have been taking place on and off for more than 25 years, but so far have not solved the conflict. |
What does the future hold? | What does the future hold? |
In short, the situation isn't going to be sorted out any time soon. | In short, the situation isn't going to be sorted out any time soon. |
The most recent peace plan, prepared by the United States, when Donald Trump was President - called "the deal of the century" by Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu - has been dismissed by the Palestinians as one-sided and never got off the ground. | The most recent peace plan, prepared by the United States, when Donald Trump was President - called "the deal of the century" by Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu - has been dismissed by the Palestinians as one-sided and never got off the ground. |
Any future peace deal will need both sides to agree to resolve complex issues. | Any future peace deal will need both sides to agree to resolve complex issues. |
Until that happens, the conflict will go on. | Until that happens, the conflict will go on. |
Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. | Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. |
Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here. | Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here. |