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| Version 6 | Version 7 |
|---|---|
| Israel-Gaza violence: The conflict explained | Israel-Gaza violence: The conflict explained |
| (2 months later) | |
| A ceasefire was agreed on 21 May between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas. | A ceasefire was agreed on 21 May between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas. |
| It came after 11 days of fighting, which left at least 255 people dead. Most of those killed were Palestinians in the territory of Gaza. | It came after 11 days of fighting, which left at least 255 people dead. Most of those killed were Palestinians in the territory of Gaza. |
| Israel and Hamas both claimed victory in the latest conflict. | Israel and Hamas both claimed victory in the latest conflict. |
| The violence in May followed a month of rising tensions in Jerusalem. But the fighting has gone on for decades. | The violence in May followed a month of rising tensions in Jerusalem. But the fighting has gone on for decades. |
| A 100-year-old issue | A 100-year-old issue |
| Bethlehem in the early 20th century | Bethlehem in the early 20th century |
| Britain took control of the area known as Palestine after the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated in World War One. | Britain took control of the area known as Palestine after the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated in World War One. |
| The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. | The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. |
| Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. | Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. |
| For Jews it was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. | For Jews it was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. |
| A Haganah (Jewish Underground) fighter just before the start of the Israeli War of Independence 1948 | A Haganah (Jewish Underground) fighter just before the start of the Israeli War of Independence 1948 |
| Between the 1920s and 1940s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe and seeking a homeland after the Holocaust of World War Two. | Between the 1920s and 1940s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe and seeking a homeland after the Holocaust of World War Two. |
| Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also grew. | Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also grew. |
| In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city. | In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city. |
| That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. | That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. |
| The soldiers of allied Arab Legion forces fire on Jewish fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defence force in March 1948 | The soldiers of allied Arab Legion forces fire on Jewish fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defence force in March 1948 |
| The creation of Israel and the 'Catastrophe' | The creation of Israel and the 'Catastrophe' |
| In 1948, unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. | In 1948, unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. |
| Many Palestinians objected and a war followed. Troops from neighbouring Arab countries invaded. | Many Palestinians objected and a war followed. Troops from neighbouring Arab countries invaded. |
| Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe". | Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe". |
| By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. | By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. |
| Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. | Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. |
| Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. | Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. |
| Because there was never a peace agreement - with each side blaming the other - there were more wars and fighting in the following decades. | Because there was never a peace agreement - with each side blaming the other - there were more wars and fighting in the following decades. |
| The map today | The map today |
| In another war in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, as well as most of the Syrian Golan Heights, Gaza and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula. | In another war in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, as well as most of the Syrian Golan Heights, Gaza and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula. |
| Most Palestinian refugees and their descendants live in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in neighbouring Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. | Most Palestinian refugees and their descendants live in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in neighbouring Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. |
| Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. | Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. |
| Israeli military commanders arrive in East Jerusalem, after Israeli forces seized East Jerusalem, during the Six Day War in 1967 | Israeli military commanders arrive in East Jerusalem, after Israeli forces seized East Jerusalem, during the Six Day War in 1967 |
| Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as occupied territory. | Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as occupied territory. |
| Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognise the city as Israel's capital. | Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognise the city as Israel's capital. |
| What is Hamas? | What is Hamas? |
| The child victims of the Israel-Gaza conflict | The child victims of the Israel-Gaza conflict |
| Life in the Gaza Strip | Life in the Gaza Strip |
| In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than 600,000 Jews now live. | In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than 600,000 Jews now live. |
| Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. | Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. |
| What's happening now? | What's happening now? |
| Tensions are often high between Israel and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank. | Tensions are often high between Israel and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank. |
| Gaza is ruled by the Palestinian militant group Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas. | Gaza is ruled by the Palestinian militant group Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas. |
| Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank say they are suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. Israel says it is only acting to protect itself from Palestinian violence. | Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank say they are suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. Israel says it is only acting to protect itself from Palestinian violence. |
| The threatened eviction of some Palestinian families in East Jerusalem has also caused rising anger. | The threatened eviction of some Palestinian families in East Jerusalem has also caused rising anger. |
| Palestinians celebrate the ceasefire in Gaza City | Palestinians celebrate the ceasefire in Gaza City |
| What are the main problems? | What are the main problems? |
| There are a number of issues which Israel and the Palestinians cannot agree on. | There are a number of issues which Israel and the Palestinians cannot agree on. |
| These include: what should happen to Palestinian refugees; whether Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank should stay or be removed; whether the two sides should share Jerusalem; and - perhaps most tricky of all - whether a Palestinian state should be created alongside Israel. | These include: what should happen to Palestinian refugees; whether Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank should stay or be removed; whether the two sides should share Jerusalem; and - perhaps most tricky of all - whether a Palestinian state should be created alongside Israel. |
| Peace talks have been taking place on and off for more than 25 years, but so far have not solved the conflict. | Peace talks have been taking place on and off for more than 25 years, but so far have not solved the conflict. |
| What does the future hold? | What does the future hold? |
| In short, the situation isn't going to be sorted out any time soon. | In short, the situation isn't going to be sorted out any time soon. |
| The most recent peace plan, prepared by the United States when Donald Trump was president, was called "the deal of the century" by Israel's then-Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. But it was been dismissed by the Palestinians as one-sided and never got off the ground. | The most recent peace plan, prepared by the United States when Donald Trump was president, was called "the deal of the century" by Israel's then-Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. But it was been dismissed by the Palestinians as one-sided and never got off the ground. |
| Any future peace deal will need both sides to agree to resolve complex issues. | Any future peace deal will need both sides to agree to resolve complex issues. |
| The BBC's Middle East editor, Jeremy Bowen, says the latest round of violence in May was the fourth big war between Hamas and Israel since 2008. | The BBC's Middle East editor, Jeremy Bowen, says the latest round of violence in May was the fourth big war between Hamas and Israel since 2008. |
| He's seen previous wars end like this before: "Similar things have been said by both sides in claiming victory and then essentially the seeds of the next conflict are sown. | He's seen previous wars end like this before: "Similar things have been said by both sides in claiming victory and then essentially the seeds of the next conflict are sown. |
| "I can tell you one thing for certain - that if the status quo does not change favourably, there will be another round of this." | "I can tell you one thing for certain - that if the status quo does not change favourably, there will be another round of this." |
| Correction 21st June 2021: An earlier version of this article incorrectly described the US as recognising Israel's claim to the whole of Jerusalem and this has been amended to instead explain that the US recognises the city as Israel's capital. | |
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| Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here. | Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here. |