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| 2 Members of Pussy Riot Freed Under Amnesty Law | 2 Members of Pussy Riot Freed Under Amnesty Law |
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| MOSCOW — Two women from the punk group Pussy Riot serving two-year prison terms for staging a protest performance against President Vladimir V. Putin in Moscow’s main cathedral were released on Monday under a new amnesty law. | MOSCOW — Two women from the punk group Pussy Riot serving two-year prison terms for staging a protest performance against President Vladimir V. Putin in Moscow’s main cathedral were released on Monday under a new amnesty law. |
| The case of Maria Alyokhina, who was set free from a prison in the western city of Nizhny Novgorod on Monday morning, and her co-defendant, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, who was released later in the day in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, had drawn international condemnation of Russia’s human rights record. Critics said their prosecution and relatively stiff sentences represented a brutal repression of free speech. | The case of Maria Alyokhina, who was set free from a prison in the western city of Nizhny Novgorod on Monday morning, and her co-defendant, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, who was released later in the day in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, had drawn international condemnation of Russia’s human rights record. Critics said their prosecution and relatively stiff sentences represented a brutal repression of free speech. |
| In a telephone interview on Monday, Ms. Alyokhina said that she did not want amnesty, and that officials had forced her to leave the prison. She said that the amnesty program was designed to make Mr. Putin look benevolent, and that she would have preferred to serve the remainder of her sentence. | In a telephone interview on Monday, Ms. Alyokhina said that she did not want amnesty, and that officials had forced her to leave the prison. She said that the amnesty program was designed to make Mr. Putin look benevolent, and that she would have preferred to serve the remainder of her sentence. |
| “I think this is an attempt to improve the image of the current government, a little, before the Sochi Olympics — particularly for the Western Europeans,” she said, referring to the Winter Games Russia is hosting in February. “But I don’t consider this humane or merciful.” | “I think this is an attempt to improve the image of the current government, a little, before the Sochi Olympics — particularly for the Western Europeans,” she said, referring to the Winter Games Russia is hosting in February. “But I don’t consider this humane or merciful.” |
| She added, “This is a lie.” | She added, “This is a lie.” |
| “We didn’t ask for any pardon,” Ms. Alyokhina said. “I would have sat here until the end of my sentence because I don’t need mercy from Putin.” The women had been jailed since March 2012 and would have been released within the next three months. | “We didn’t ask for any pardon,” Ms. Alyokhina said. “I would have sat here until the end of my sentence because I don’t need mercy from Putin.” The women had been jailed since March 2012 and would have been released within the next three months. |
| On Thursday, hours after the adoption of the amnesty law, Mr. Putin said that he would also grant clemency to Russia’s most famous prisoner, Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, the former Yukos oil tycoon. Mr. Khodorkovsky was released from a penal colony later that night and flown to Berlin, where he held a news conference on Sunday. | On Thursday, hours after the adoption of the amnesty law, Mr. Putin said that he would also grant clemency to Russia’s most famous prisoner, Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, the former Yukos oil tycoon. Mr. Khodorkovsky was released from a penal colony later that night and flown to Berlin, where he held a news conference on Sunday. |
| While Mr. Putin has described the amnesty law and Mr. Khodorkovsky’s pardon as efforts to make the Russian criminal justice system more humane, it has also underscored his singular authority in this country and, to critics, the very arbitrariness of the Russian legal process that rights groups have long denounced. | While Mr. Putin has described the amnesty law and Mr. Khodorkovsky’s pardon as efforts to make the Russian criminal justice system more humane, it has also underscored his singular authority in this country and, to critics, the very arbitrariness of the Russian legal process that rights groups have long denounced. |
| The two women were convicted, along with a third woman, Yekaterina Samutsevich, whose sentence was later overturned on appeal, of hooliganism motivated by religious hatred. The women had insisted repeatedly that they were motivated not by antireligious sentiment but by opposition to Mr. Putin and to Russia’s political system. | The two women were convicted, along with a third woman, Yekaterina Samutsevich, whose sentence was later overturned on appeal, of hooliganism motivated by religious hatred. The women had insisted repeatedly that they were motivated not by antireligious sentiment but by opposition to Mr. Putin and to Russia’s political system. |
| They said they had chosen the church, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, for their “punk prayer” to criticize the political support for Mr. Putin and the Kremlin shown by the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Kirill 1. | They said they had chosen the church, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, for their “punk prayer” to criticize the political support for Mr. Putin and the Kremlin shown by the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Kirill 1. |
| The Russian Parliament, at Mr. Putin’s direction, passed the sweeping amnesty law last week, and the legislation was also expected to bring the release of the Greenpeace activists recently arrested while protesting oil exploration in the Arctic. | The Russian Parliament, at Mr. Putin’s direction, passed the sweeping amnesty law last week, and the legislation was also expected to bring the release of the Greenpeace activists recently arrested while protesting oil exploration in the Arctic. |
| Others who stand to benefit from the law include defendants accused of crimes in connection with an antigovernment protest that turned violent after Mr. Putin’s re-election as president. | Others who stand to benefit from the law include defendants accused of crimes in connection with an antigovernment protest that turned violent after Mr. Putin’s re-election as president. |
| The members of Pussy Riot, the Greenpeace activists and Mr. Khodorkovsky had all become international symbols for critics of the Russian system, and could well have been the subject of protests and demonstrations during the Winter Olympics, which will be held in the southern Russian city of Sochi. | The members of Pussy Riot, the Greenpeace activists and Mr. Khodorkovsky had all become international symbols for critics of the Russian system, and could well have been the subject of protests and demonstrations during the Winter Olympics, which will be held in the southern Russian city of Sochi. |
| It is not clear, however, whether Mr. Putin was motivated by the Olympics or some other factors. As he prepares to enter his 15th year as Russia’s pre-eminent political figure, he seems increasingly confident and in control, though he may soon face serious challenges as a result of the country’s slowing economy. The pattern of high-profile defendants being the first to benefit from the new amnesty law seemed to support Ms. Alyokhina’s assertion of a public relations campaign on the part of the Kremlin. | It is not clear, however, whether Mr. Putin was motivated by the Olympics or some other factors. As he prepares to enter his 15th year as Russia’s pre-eminent political figure, he seems increasingly confident and in control, though he may soon face serious challenges as a result of the country’s slowing economy. The pattern of high-profile defendants being the first to benefit from the new amnesty law seemed to support Ms. Alyokhina’s assertion of a public relations campaign on the part of the Kremlin. |
| Mark G. Denisov, who works for the Public Supervisory Commission in Krasnoyarsk, which is responsible for monitoring prison conditions and prisoners’ rights, said he expected that about 1,000 convicts would ultimately be released under the amnesty program out of some 23,000 held in jails in the region. But he said that the process was slow and that so far he was not aware of anyone going free other than Ms. Tolokonnikova. | Mark G. Denisov, who works for the Public Supervisory Commission in Krasnoyarsk, which is responsible for monitoring prison conditions and prisoners’ rights, said he expected that about 1,000 convicts would ultimately be released under the amnesty program out of some 23,000 held in jails in the region. But he said that the process was slow and that so far he was not aware of anyone going free other than Ms. Tolokonnikova. |
| Anticipation of the release of Ms. Tolokonnikova, the best known of the Pussy Riot protesters, had been building since last week, when it became clear that the amnesty law approved by Parliament would cut short her sentence. | Anticipation of the release of Ms. Tolokonnikova, the best known of the Pussy Riot protesters, had been building since last week, when it became clear that the amnesty law approved by Parliament would cut short her sentence. |
| Ms. Tolokonnikova’s transfer to Siberia in November was not seen as an effort to punish her further. Instead, it brought her closer to her grandmother who lives in Krasnoyarsk, where Ms. Tolokonnikova spent many summers as a child. | Ms. Tolokonnikova’s transfer to Siberia in November was not seen as an effort to punish her further. Instead, it brought her closer to her grandmother who lives in Krasnoyarsk, where Ms. Tolokonnikova spent many summers as a child. |
| For a little more than a month, she had been held in a prison hospital on the edge of the city, where her husband, Pyotr Verzilov, and a handful of journalists arrived last week and waited for news outside the prison gates in freezing temperatures. | For a little more than a month, she had been held in a prison hospital on the edge of the city, where her husband, Pyotr Verzilov, and a handful of journalists arrived last week and waited for news outside the prison gates in freezing temperatures. |
| More than 2,600 miles from Moscow, Krasnoyarsk is a place to which Russia’s rulers have often banished political opponents, ever since the Decembrist rebellion in the 19th century, when elites demanding a constitution from the czar were sent there. | |
| Under Stalin, the city became a major hub in the gulag system; today there are seven prisons within the city limits. Heavy Soviet-era prison trucks regularly rumble through the streets, past the gingerbread wooden cottages that dot the landscape of former factories, many built by prisoners. | Under Stalin, the city became a major hub in the gulag system; today there are seven prisons within the city limits. Heavy Soviet-era prison trucks regularly rumble through the streets, past the gingerbread wooden cottages that dot the landscape of former factories, many built by prisoners. |
| A sign on the front of the prison that held Ms. Tolokonnikova seeks to set the current correctional system apart from this history. It says, “Today the criminal penitentiary system is not a gulag — it’s a center of socio-psychological help for convicts and a system of transitional technology.” | A sign on the front of the prison that held Ms. Tolokonnikova seeks to set the current correctional system apart from this history. It says, “Today the criminal penitentiary system is not a gulag — it’s a center of socio-psychological help for convicts and a system of transitional technology.” |
| Ms. Tolokonnikova’s official home address is in Krasnoyarsk, where she often lived in the summers with her paternal grandmother, Vera I. Tolokonnikova, in a typical run-down Soviet apartment bloc. The apartment is less than a half-mile from the prison hospital, and family members indicated that she would stay with her grandmother for a while after her release. | Ms. Tolokonnikova’s official home address is in Krasnoyarsk, where she often lived in the summers with her paternal grandmother, Vera I. Tolokonnikova, in a typical run-down Soviet apartment bloc. The apartment is less than a half-mile from the prison hospital, and family members indicated that she would stay with her grandmother for a while after her release. |
Andrew E. Kramer contributed reported from in Moscow, and Patrick Reevell from Krasnoyarsk, Russia. | Andrew E. Kramer contributed reported from in Moscow, and Patrick Reevell from Krasnoyarsk, Russia. |
| This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: | This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: |
| Correction: December 23, 2013 | Correction: December 23, 2013 |
An earlier version of this article misstated the date of the Decembrist rebellion. It took place in the 19th century, not the 18th century. | An earlier version of this article misstated the date of the Decembrist rebellion. It took place in the 19th century, not the 18th century. |