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As Boris Johnson Teeters, Here’s How U.K. Prime Ministers Fall How, and Why, Boris Johnson Could Lose His Job as U.K. Prime Minister
(7 days later)
LONDON — One of his lawmakers calls him a “dead man walking.” The leader of the Scottish Conservatives says he should quit. Some cabinet members were notably slow to voice support for him after a humiliating day in Parliament. LONDON — One of his lawmakers calls him a “dead man walking.” Another, once a cabinet colleague, told him: “In the name of God, go.” And one has even switched sides to the main opposition party.
And that was before Prime Minister Boris Johnson had to issue another apology to Queen Elizabeth II. Two years ago, Prime Minister Boris Johnson led the Conservative Party to its biggest election victory in decades. Now, after apologizing for attending a party in Downing Street during Britain’s first and fiercest coronavirus lockdown, and then for two later gatherings held by his aides as the queen prepared to bury her husband, Mr. Johnson is in big trouble.
Two years ago, Mr. Johnson led the Conservative Party to its biggest election victory in decades. Now, after apologizing for attending a party in Downing Street during Britain’s first and fiercest coronavirus lockdown, and then for two other gatherings held by his aides under different restrictions as the queen prepared to bury her husband, Mr. Johnson is in big trouble.
Here is a guide to just how much trouble, and what could happen next.Here is a guide to just how much trouble, and what could happen next.
On Wednesday, Mr. Johnson apologized for attending a gathering in May 2020 that apparently violated the lockdown rules he had imposed on England. The party was held in the garden of No. 10 Downing Street, where British prime ministers both live and work, and staff were asked to “bring your own booze.” Last week, Mr. Johnson apologized for attending a gathering in May 2020 that apparently violated the lockdown rules he had imposed on England. The party was in the garden of No. 10 Downing Street, where British prime ministers both live and work, and staff were asked to “bring your own booze.”
Mr. Johnson said he thought it was a work event, but that did little to mollify critics.Mr. Johnson said he thought it was a work event, but that did little to mollify critics.
Then, on Thursday, Mr. Johnson’s spokesman announced that his office had “apologized to the palace” for two further parties held in Downing Street without the prime minister present in April 2021, the night before the queen sat alone at a socially distanced funeral for her husband, Prince Philip. Then, the following day, Mr. Johnson’s spokesman announced that his office had “apologized to the palace” for two parties held in Downing Street in April 2021, without the prime minister, on the night before the queen sat alone at a socially distanced funeral for her husband, Prince Philip.
These were the latest in a series of reports about parties in Downing Street while restrictions were in force, claims that have depressed the Conservatives’ opinion-poll ratings and led to the tearful resignation of an aide who was caught on video laughing about a Christmas “wine and cheese” gathering. A senior civil servant, Sue Gray, has been assigned to investigate reports of no fewer than seven parties that might have breached rules in 2020. These were the latest in a series of reports about parties in Downing Street while restrictions were in force, claims that had already depressed the Conservatives’ opinion-poll ratings and forced the tearful resignation of an aide. A senior civil servant, Sue Gray, has been assigned to investigate reports of no fewer than seven parties that might have breached rules in 2020.
This week’s disclosures deepened the crisis for several reasons. The two apologies deepened the crisis for several reasons.
On Wednesday, after insisting for weeks that all rules were followed, Mr. Johnson admitted being present at an event to which dozens of people appear to have been invited, at a time when the restrictions prohibited socializing with more than one other person, even outside, in almost all circumstances. Some lawmakers responded to Mr. Johnson’s apology in Parliament with testimony from people who were barred from visiting dying relatives. First, after insisting for weeks that all rules were followed, Mr. Johnson admitted being at an event to which dozens of people appear to have been invited, despite restrictions at the time that prohibited socializing with more than one other person, even outside, in almost all circumstances. Some lawmakers responded to Mr. Johnson’s statement in Parliament with testimony from people who were barred from visiting dying relatives.
Thursday’s revelations brought in both the royal family and a restriction that lasted and was keenly felt well into 2021: limits on attendance at funerals. The Daily Telegraph, which broke the news of the April parties, accompanied its report with a photograph of the queen sitting alone at the ceremony for her husband. The next admissions brought in both the royal family and a rule that was keenly felt well into 2021: restrictions on funerals. The Daily Telegraph, which broke the news of the April parties, accompanied its report with a photograph of the queen sitting alone at the ceremony for her husband.
In Britain it is hard to get rid of a serving prime minister, but far from impossible. The nation’s top job goes to the leader of the political party with a Parliamentary majority. The party can oust its leader and choose another one, changing prime ministers without a general election. In Britain it is hard to get rid of a prime minister, but far from impossible. The nation’s top job goes to the leader of the political party with a parliamentary majority. The party can oust its leader and choose another one, changing prime ministers without a general election.
Under the Conservative Party’s current rules, its members of Parliament can hold a binding vote of no confidence in Mr. Johnson if 54 of them write to formally request one. The request letters are confidential. Under the Conservative Party’s rules, its members of Parliament can hold a binding vote of no confidence in Mr. Johnson if 54 of them write to formally request one.
So far only four Conservatives in Parliament have publicly called on Mr. Johnson to quit. Only one senior lawmaker knows how many have written letters, and he would only make the number public if it reached the threshold for a challenge. The request letters are confidential. Only one senior lawmaker knows how many have been sent, and he won’t discuss the issue until it’s time for a vote.
In a no-confidence vote, held by secret ballot, Mr. Johnson would keep his job by winning a simple majority of Conservative lawmakers. He would then be safe from another such challenge for a year unless the rules were changed. In a no-confidence vote, held by secret ballot, Mr. Johnson would keep his job by winning a simple majority of Conservative lawmakers. They would then have to wait at least a year before holding another such vote, unless they changed the rules.
Cabinet rebellions destabilize prime ministers and can prove crucial in pushing them toward the exit. The catalyst for Margaret Thatcher’s demise in 1990 was the resignation of Geoffrey Howe, a disaffected former ally, and Theresa May lost several ministers — including Mr. Johnson himself, who quit as foreign secretary in 2018. So far, only eight Conservative members of Parliament have publicly called on Mr. Johnson to quit, one of whom, Christian Wakeford, then announced that he had left the party and joined the Labour opposition.
As prime minister, Mr. Johnson has more or less maintained cabinet discipline so far. But one senior minister, the former Brexit negotiator David Frost, quit late last year, citing policy differences. And it took several hours for Rishi Sunak, the chancellor of the Exchequer, to express lukewarm support for Mr. Johnson after Wednesday’s apology. Of course it might just be a coincidence, but Mr. Sunak is a leading contender to take over if Mr. Johnson falls. A controversy is now developing, however, over what the Conservative Party may be doing to maintain discipline. Another of the rebels, William Wragg, said on Thursday that he had heard reports of threats to his colleagues by party officials that “would seem to constitute blackmail.”
Once this was known as a visit from the “men in gray suits,” a phrase dating from an age when all key power brokers were men. In those days, when a group known as the “magic circle” chose the Conservative Party leader, such bigwigs could withdraw support, too, and ask the prime minister to resign. Nowadays things aren’t quite like that, but leaders can still be persuaded to depart on their own terms and keep a measure of dignity, rather than risk being booted out. Mr. Johnson said he had seen no evidence of intimidation, and cabinet colleagues pushed back harder, accusing Mr. Wragg of “attention-seeking behavior.”
In Parliament, Speaker Lindsay Hoyle issued a warning that lawmakers were “not above the criminal law,” and said any blackmail would be “a matter for the police.”
Cabinet rebellions destabilize prime ministers and can push them toward the exit. The catalyst for Margaret Thatcher’s demise in 1990 was the resignation of Geoffrey Howe, a disaffected former ally, and Theresa May lost several ministers — including Mr. Johnson, who quit as foreign secretary in 2018.
As prime minister, Mr. Johnson has more or less maintained cabinet discipline so far. But one senior minister, the former Brexit negotiator David Frost, quit late last year, citing policy differences.
And a minister frequently discussed as Mr. Johnson’s potential successor, Rishi Sunak, the chancellor of the Exchequer, waited several hours to express lukewarm support after Mr. Johnson’s first apology and later cut short a television interview while being asked about Mr. Johnson’s position.
Once this was known as a visit from the “men in gray suits,” a phrase dating from an age when all key power brokers were men. In those days, when a group known as the “magic circle” chose the Conservative leader, such bigwigs could withdraw support, too, and ask the prime minister to resign. Nowadays things aren’t quite like that, but leaders can still be persuaded to depart on their own terms rather than endure being booted out.
Mrs. May resigned in 2019, after surviving a leadership vote, when it was clear that her position had become hopeless. Similar pressure, accompanied by ministerial resignations, was used to evict Tony Blair, the Labour Party prime minister, from Downing Street in 2007.Mrs. May resigned in 2019, after surviving a leadership vote, when it was clear that her position had become hopeless. Similar pressure, accompanied by ministerial resignations, was used to evict Tony Blair, the Labour Party prime minister, from Downing Street in 2007.
Timing a coup is never easy. Critics are unlikely to force a confidence vote until they think Mr. Johnson is damaged enough to lose. That point may be near but, critically, there is no consensus on who would replace Mr. Johnson and therefore no single cabal orchestrating a challenge. Timing a coup is never easy. Critics are unlikely to force a confidence vote until they think Mr. Johnson is damaged enough to lose. That point may be near but, critically, there is no consensus on who would replace him and therefore no single cabal orchestrating a challenge.
Mr. Sunak is the front-runner and Liz Truss, the foreign secretary, is a leading contender, but several others would be likely to run. They all need to be careful. In the past, ambitious rivals have suffered from being seen as disloyal to the prime minister (though not Mr. Johnson, who opposed Mrs. May and then succeeded her). Mr. Sunak is the front-runner and Liz Truss, the foreign secretary, is a leading contender, but several others may run. They all need to be careful. In the past, ambitious rivals have suffered from being seen as disloyal (though not Mr. Johnson, who opposed Mrs. May and then succeeded her).
For most Conservative lawmakers the question is whether a change would help them. None of his potential successors have shown they can match the appeal he demonstrated in leading the party to a landslide victory in 2019. For most Conservative lawmakers, the question is whether a change would help them. None of Mr. Johnson’s potential successors have shown they can match the appeal he demonstrated in leading the party to a landslide victory in 2019.
Most Conservative lawmakers seem to be waiting for Ms. Gray’s internal inquiry before deciding which way to jump. Despite a reputation for independence, she is in a rare and awkward position — an unelected civil servant compiling a report that could prove terminal for her elected boss. So some analysts expect her to restrict her findings to facts she establishes without making a direct judgment on Mr. Johnson’s conduct. Most Conservative lawmakers seem to be waiting on Ms. Gray’s internal inquiry. Despite a reputation for independence, she is in a rare and awkward position — an unelected civil servant compiling a report that could prove terminal for her elected boss. So some analysts expect her to restrict her findings to facts, without a direct judgment on Mr. Johnson’s conduct.
Escaping scrapes is one of the prime minister’s defining skills. A Conservative former prime minister, David Cameron, once described Mr. Johnson as the “greased piglet” of politics: His career has contained no shortage of dismissals and humiliations, each followed by a greater triumph. Escaping scrapes is one of the prime minister’s defining skills. A Conservative former prime minister, David Cameron, once described Mr. Johnson as the “greased piglet” of politics: His career has contained no shortage of dismissals and humiliations, each followed by triumph.
To slip out of this tight corner, Mr. Johnson needs to avert cabinet resignations and prevent a rush of letters demanding a no-confidence vote. He will then hope that Ms. Gray’s report is diplomatic enough for him to survive, albeit after another apology and a purge of his team. He could then please his party’s lawmakers by ending all coronavirus restrictions later this month. To slip out of this tight corner, Mr. Johnson needs to avert cabinet resignations and prevent a rush of letters demanding a no-confidence vote. On Wednesday, he appeared to gain some breathing space with an announcement ending Britain’s remaining Covid restrictions — a popular cause with his party’s lawmakers.
Mr. Johnson will then hope that Ms. Gray’s report is diplomatic enough for him to survive, albeit after another apology and a purge of his team.
Aside from the crisis over Downing Street parties, things look sticky for the government. Energy bills are soaring, inflation is spiking and interest rates have risen just as Mr. Johnson is about to raise taxes.Aside from the crisis over Downing Street parties, things look sticky for the government. Energy bills are soaring, inflation is spiking and interest rates have risen just as Mr. Johnson is about to raise taxes.
Mr. Johnson’s enemies are circling and Mr. Sunak and Ms. Truss are maneuvering. In May the Conservatives face local elections which will test Mr. Johnson’s popularity. Opinion polls show a collapse of support for him personally and suggest that he is now dragging his party down. Some recent surveys put the Conservatives 10 or more points behind the Labour opposition. Mr. Johnson’s enemies are circling and Mr. Sunak and Ms. Truss are maneuvering. In May the Conservatives face local elections, which will test Mr. Johnson’s popularity. Opinion polls show a collapse of support for him personally and suggest that he is now dragging his party down. Many recent surveys put the Conservatives 10 or more points behind Labour.
Mr. Johnson became prime minister in 2019 because his party correctly judged that he would win them a general election. If it concludes that he will lose them the next one, his days are numbered.Mr. Johnson became prime minister in 2019 because his party correctly judged that he would win them a general election. If it concludes that he will lose them the next one, his days are numbered.