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| FBI investigating San Bernardino shooting as act of terrorism – as it happened | FBI investigating San Bernardino shooting as act of terrorism – as it happened |
| (7 months later) | |
| 9.35pm GMT | 9.35pm GMT |
| 21:35 | 21:35 |
| We’re going to end our rolling coverage of the investigation and aftermath of Wednesday’s mass shooting in San Bernardino, which left 14 people dead, 21 injured and two suspects killed in a shootout with police. | We’re going to end our rolling coverage of the investigation and aftermath of Wednesday’s mass shooting in San Bernardino, which left 14 people dead, 21 injured and two suspects killed in a shootout with police. |
| What we know | What we know |
| What we don’t know | What we don’t know |
| You can read our latest, full report on the shooting and investigation through the link below. | You can read our latest, full report on the shooting and investigation through the link below. |
| 9.00pm GMT | 9.00pm GMT |
| 21:00 | 21:00 |
| If confirmed as an act of terrorism – as it is now officially considered by the FBI’s investigation – the mass shooting in San Bernardino will join a list of nine attacks considered “terrorism” since September 11 2001. | If confirmed as an act of terrorism – as it is now officially considered by the FBI’s investigation – the mass shooting in San Bernardino will join a list of nine attacks considered “terrorism” since September 11 2001. |
| Te research center New America tallies eight “deadly jihadist attacks” since 2001, not including the San Bernardino massacre. The attacks are heterogenous – some have never been official labeled terrorism, nor have all the perpetrators faced terrorism charges. | Te research center New America tallies eight “deadly jihadist attacks” since 2001, not including the San Bernardino massacre. The attacks are heterogenous – some have never been official labeled terrorism, nor have all the perpetrators faced terrorism charges. |
| Most prominent on the list are the bombing of the Boston Marathon in 2013 and the mass shooting at Fort Hood in 2009. | Most prominent on the list are the bombing of the Boston Marathon in 2013 and the mass shooting at Fort Hood in 2009. |
| Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found guilty of terrorism earlier this year for executing the Boston bombing with his brother, Tamerlan, who was killed in a shootout with police. Al-Qaida propaganda was found in the brothers’ possessions, and Tamerlan appeared to return to the US radicalized after a trip to Dagestan. The bombing killed three people and injured more than 260 others. | Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found guilty of terrorism earlier this year for executing the Boston bombing with his brother, Tamerlan, who was killed in a shootout with police. Al-Qaida propaganda was found in the brothers’ possessions, and Tamerlan appeared to return to the US radicalized after a trip to Dagestan. The bombing killed three people and injured more than 260 others. |
| The US army has never described the 2009 mass shooting at Fort Hood as terrorism, and Nidal Hasan, the gunman who sent messages to jihadi leader Anwar al-Awlaki, was charged with murder but not terrorism. Similarly, Barack Obama and administration officials shied from calling the attack terrorism. Hasan was sentenced to death in 2013 for killing 13 people and injuring more than 30 others. | The US army has never described the 2009 mass shooting at Fort Hood as terrorism, and Nidal Hasan, the gunman who sent messages to jihadi leader Anwar al-Awlaki, was charged with murder but not terrorism. Similarly, Barack Obama and administration officials shied from calling the attack terrorism. Hasan was sentenced to death in 2013 for killing 13 people and injuring more than 30 others. |
| The New America list also includes more arguable cases, such as a 2014 office attack in Oklahoma, by a man who had recently converted to Islam, and an attack on a Tennessee military recruiting center, by a young Muslim man who had a history of depression and substance abuse. | The New America list also includes more arguable cases, such as a 2014 office attack in Oklahoma, by a man who had recently converted to Islam, and an attack on a Tennessee military recruiting center, by a young Muslim man who had a history of depression and substance abuse. |
| New America contrasts the list of nine “jihadi” attacks (the center includes San Bernardino) with a list of 19 attacks by non-Muslim extremists, such as the murder of nine black people in Charleston, South Carolina, in June. | New America contrasts the list of nine “jihadi” attacks (the center includes San Bernardino) with a list of 19 attacks by non-Muslim extremists, such as the murder of nine black people in Charleston, South Carolina, in June. |
| Government agencies have varying definitions of terrorism. The FBI’s definition of domestic terrorism reads: | Government agencies have varying definitions of terrorism. The FBI’s definition of domestic terrorism reads: |
| Involve acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; Appear intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination. or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the US.” | Involve acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; Appear intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination. or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the US.” |
| 8.48pm GMT | 8.48pm GMT |
| 20:48 | 20:48 |
| Comey then urges Americans “not too make too much” of the news that one of the suspects had made contact with someone who was, at some point, the subject of an FBI investigation. | Comey then urges Americans “not too make too much” of the news that one of the suspects had made contact with someone who was, at some point, the subject of an FBI investigation. |
| I urge you not to make too much of that. … We’re obviously looking very closely at those contacts but I would urge you not to overthink that. | I urge you not to make too much of that. … We’re obviously looking very closely at those contacts but I would urge you not to overthink that. |
| He says the case is puzzling even FBI investigators – repeating an observation made earlier today by the attorney for the suspect’s family. | He says the case is puzzling even FBI investigators – repeating an observation made earlier today by the attorney for the suspect’s family. |
| There’s much about this that doesn’t make sense even to those of us who do this for a living | There’s much about this that doesn’t make sense even to those of us who do this for a living |
| Lastly Comey asks Americans “not let fear become disabling, but try to channel” it into a heightened awareness of suspicious behavior. | Lastly Comey asks Americans “not let fear become disabling, but try to channel” it into a heightened awareness of suspicious behavior. |
| “If you see something that doesn’t make sense, you say something to somebody,” he says, noting that in most FBI cases there are missed opportunities for witnesses to report uncomfortable or strange behavior on someone’s part. | “If you see something that doesn’t make sense, you say something to somebody,” he says, noting that in most FBI cases there are missed opportunities for witnesses to report uncomfortable or strange behavior on someone’s part. |
| 8.45pm GMT | 8.45pm GMT |
| 20:45 | 20:45 |
| FBI director: no signs of larger cell | FBI director: no signs of larger cell |
| FBI director James Comey is delivering a statement, saying there’s evidence of “radicalization by the killers and of potential inspiration by foreign terrorism organizations”. | FBI director James Comey is delivering a statement, saying there’s evidence of “radicalization by the killers and of potential inspiration by foreign terrorism organizations”. |
| But he cautions: “there is a lot of evidence in this case that doesn’t quite make sense.” | But he cautions: “there is a lot of evidence in this case that doesn’t quite make sense.” |
| We are spending a tremendous amount of time … trying to understand the motives of these killers and trying to understand every detail of their lives. | We are spending a tremendous amount of time … trying to understand the motives of these killers and trying to understand every detail of their lives. |
| He says the FBI has collected “a very large body” of digital evidence that the suspects “tried to conceal from us”. | He says the FBI has collected “a very large body” of digital evidence that the suspects “tried to conceal from us”. |
| “We are keeping our minds open as we always try to do.” | “We are keeping our minds open as we always try to do.” |
| He says that so far – only two days into the investigation – there is “no indication these killers are part of a larger organized group or a cell … there’s no indication that they are part of a network.” | He says that so far – only two days into the investigation – there is “no indication these killers are part of a larger organized group or a cell … there’s no indication that they are part of a network.” |
| 7.57pm GMT | 7.57pm GMT |
| 19:57 | 19:57 |
| FBI briefing | FBI briefing |
| Updated | Updated |
| at 8.05pm GMT | at 8.05pm GMT |
| 7.43pm GMT | 7.43pm GMT |
| 19:43 | 19:43 |
| Sheriff John McMahon says he’s confident in his forces to confront sudden and devastating crimes. | Sheriff John McMahon says he’s confident in his forces to confront sudden and devastating crimes. |
| Based on how law enforcement responded to the shooting and subsequent hunt for suspects, he says: “I truly believe we are prepared to deal with whatever threat or incident occurs.” | Based on how law enforcement responded to the shooting and subsequent hunt for suspects, he says: “I truly believe we are prepared to deal with whatever threat or incident occurs.” |
| With that the press conference ends. | With that the press conference ends. |
| 7.40pm GMT | 7.40pm GMT |
| 19:40 | 19:40 |
| Bowdich says he does not know whether Malik somehow radicalized her husband. | Bowdich says he does not know whether Malik somehow radicalized her husband. |
| “I don’t know the answer whether she influenced him or not. Being a husband myself we’re all influenced to some extent, but I don’t know the answer.” | “I don’t know the answer whether she influenced him or not. Being a husband myself we’re all influenced to some extent, but I don’t know the answer.” |
| He says “of course” he’s concerned about the fact that the suspects were not on law enforcement’s radar before the attack. “Of course I’m concerned. We didn’t know. There’s nothing that we’ve seen yet that would’ve triggered us to know. | He says “of course” he’s concerned about the fact that the suspects were not on law enforcement’s radar before the attack. “Of course I’m concerned. We didn’t know. There’s nothing that we’ve seen yet that would’ve triggered us to know. |
| When you go into a crime scene like that it’s one of the most heinous things you’ll ever see, it’s horrific. | When you go into a crime scene like that it’s one of the most heinous things you’ll ever see, it’s horrific. |
| Bowdich repeats that investigators know of no credible threat at this time, and makes an appeal to calm and solidarity to the people of San Bernardino. | Bowdich repeats that investigators know of no credible threat at this time, and makes an appeal to calm and solidarity to the people of San Bernardino. |
| We are with you we stand by you, we are are focused, the FBI’s number one mandate is to protect the homeland from attack. Do not let this cause mass hysteria. We’re not there. we’re not there at a ll. We have a long-term , very complex investigation. | We are with you we stand by you, we are are focused, the FBI’s number one mandate is to protect the homeland from attack. Do not let this cause mass hysteria. We’re not there. we’re not there at a ll. We have a long-term , very complex investigation. |
| I assure the American public we will do everything in our power within the law to get that done.” | I assure the American public we will do everything in our power within the law to get that done.” |
| 7.35pm GMT | 7.35pm GMT |
| 19:35 | 19:35 |
| Asked about the “telephonic communications” with other suspects, Bowdich says he only knows of contacts made within the United States at this stage. | Asked about the “telephonic communications” with other suspects, Bowdich says he only knows of contacts made within the United States at this stage. |
| “I am not aware of all the overseas connections at this point, we are working with all our foreign partners on that.” | “I am not aware of all the overseas connections at this point, we are working with all our foreign partners on that.” |
| He’s asked about the two guns bought on behalf of Syed Farook by someone the authorities have described as “an acquaintance”. | He’s asked about the two guns bought on behalf of Syed Farook by someone the authorities have described as “an acquaintance”. |
| “There is a person we know of their location, who purchased those weapons. But I’m going to let ATF” handle those questions, Bowdich says. “The person is not under arrest at this point.” | “There is a person we know of their location, who purchased those weapons. But I’m going to let ATF” handle those questions, Bowdich says. “The person is not under arrest at this point.” |
| 7.32pm GMT | 7.32pm GMT |
| 19:32 | 19:32 |
| Asked about the rush of reporters into the suspects’ home, Bowdich says the FBI had returned authority to the apartment back to the owners after their search. | Asked about the rush of reporters into the suspects’ home, Bowdich says the FBI had returned authority to the apartment back to the owners after their search. |
| Last night we turned that over back to the residents, … Once we’re out we don’t have control of it … We leave anytime we execute a lawful search warrant, we leave a list of all the items seized with that search warrant. | Last night we turned that over back to the residents, … Once we’re out we don’t have control of it … We leave anytime we execute a lawful search warrant, we leave a list of all the items seized with that search warrant. |
| Bowdich says that the FBI is piecing together the suspects’ travel history, only confirming that Syed Farook “travelled overseas in 2013”. | Bowdich says that the FBI is piecing together the suspects’ travel history, only confirming that Syed Farook “travelled overseas in 2013”. |
| Farook and his then fiancee, Tashfeen Malik, came to the US in 2014 from Saudi Arabia. | Farook and his then fiancee, Tashfeen Malik, came to the US in 2014 from Saudi Arabia. |
| “He was not under active surveillance, I am not aware and I do not believe that there was any kind of investigation pending on him.” | “He was not under active surveillance, I am not aware and I do not believe that there was any kind of investigation pending on him.” |
| 7.30pm GMT | 7.30pm GMT |
| 19:30 | 19:30 |
| “There’s a number of pieces of evidence that have essentially pushed us off the cliff,” Bowdich says, and “we are now investigating that this is now an act of terrorism.” | “There’s a number of pieces of evidence that have essentially pushed us off the cliff,” Bowdich says, and “we are now investigating that this is now an act of terrorism.” |
| There are no other suspects currently under arrest, it is possible that there will be some in the future. We don’t know.” | There are no other suspects currently under arrest, it is possible that there will be some in the future. We don’t know.” |
| He says some of the digital media has been damaged, and that investigators are still hunting for what motivated the attacks. | He says some of the digital media has been damaged, and that investigators are still hunting for what motivated the attacks. |
| “Are there others, and are they based in the US, are they outside the US – we don’t know the answers.” | “Are there others, and are they based in the US, are they outside the US – we don’t know the answers.” |
| 7.27pm GMT | 7.27pm GMT |
| 19:27 | 19:27 |
| Bowdich says that one of the suspects made a “telephonic connection” with someone else the FBI is investigating. | Bowdich says that one of the suspects made a “telephonic connection” with someone else the FBI is investigating. |
| What I’m ready to confirm is that there are some telephonic connections between these two individuals, at least one of these individuals, and other subjects of our investigation.” | What I’m ready to confirm is that there are some telephonic connections between these two individuals, at least one of these individuals, and other subjects of our investigation.” |
| 7.25pm GMT | 7.25pm GMT |
| 19:25 | 19:25 |
| Besides bombs and ammunition, “we have also uncovered evidence that these suspects attempted to destroy” digital evidence, Bowdich says. | Besides bombs and ammunition, “we have also uncovered evidence that these suspects attempted to destroy” digital evidence, Bowdich says. |
| “We found two cellphones in a nearby trash can, those cellphones were actually crushed. … We do continue to exploit the data from those cellphones. We do hope that the digital fingerprints that were left by these individuals will lead us to their motivations.” | “We found two cellphones in a nearby trash can, those cellphones were actually crushed. … We do continue to exploit the data from those cellphones. We do hope that the digital fingerprints that were left by these individuals will lead us to their motivations.” |
| Bowdich says the FBI has established a national hotline if they have any information that pertains to the case. “Please do not send us things that are obviously not pertinent to this matter,” he says, “but if you think you have in any form or fashion pertains, please send it.” | Bowdich says the FBI has established a national hotline if they have any information that pertains to the case. “Please do not send us things that are obviously not pertinent to this matter,” he says, “but if you think you have in any form or fashion pertains, please send it.” |
| Updated | Updated |
| at 7.26pm GMT | at 7.26pm GMT |
| 7.23pm GMT | 7.23pm GMT |
| 19:23 | 19:23 |
| FBI: shooting was act of terrorism | FBI: shooting was act of terrorism |
| FBI assistant director David Bowdich begins his statement by addressing the victims and their families: “just remember they are first in this scenario.” | FBI assistant director David Bowdich begins his statement by addressing the victims and their families: “just remember they are first in this scenario.” |
| “This is a very complex investigation, this is a very long-term investigation,” Bowdich says. | “This is a very complex investigation, this is a very long-term investigation,” Bowdich says. |
| “As of today, based on the information and the facts that we know … we are now investigating these horrific acts as an act of terrorism.” | “As of today, based on the information and the facts that we know … we are now investigating these horrific acts as an act of terrorism.” |
| 7.21pm GMT | 7.21pm GMT |
| 19:21 | 19:21 |
| Police chief Jarrod Burguan is giving a press conference. | Police chief Jarrod Burguan is giving a press conference. |
| He describes an incident that took place in the days before Wednesday’s mass shooting: “suspicious circumstances that were noted” about a man who asked a movie theater security guard about movie times, theater hours, etc. | He describes an incident that took place in the days before Wednesday’s mass shooting: “suspicious circumstances that were noted” about a man who asked a movie theater security guard about movie times, theater hours, etc. |
| Burguan says there’s no reason to connect the event with the shooting, but he wanted to address rumors of the incident. | Burguan says there’s no reason to connect the event with the shooting, but he wanted to address rumors of the incident. |
| “We don’t have any credible information to indicate that there’s a threat to this region right now.” | “We don’t have any credible information to indicate that there’s a threat to this region right now.” |
| He says that at this point the San Bernardino police will give the reins of the investigation to the FBI, although they will continue to work together. | He says that at this point the San Bernardino police will give the reins of the investigation to the FBI, although they will continue to work together. |
| 7.14pm GMT | 7.14pm GMT |
| 19:14 | 19:14 |
| Not only reporters walked into the suspects’ apartment, my colleague Tom Dart reports from Redlands. “Maya Pawooskar used to live close by and drove a couple of miles from to quench her curiosity…” | Not only reporters walked into the suspects’ apartment, my colleague Tom Dart reports from Redlands. “Maya Pawooskar used to live close by and drove a couple of miles from to quench her curiosity…” |
| “Actually I saw it asked in the White House press conference, asking the press secretary how is that they’re allowing? So I thought, I’d better go quickly before they stop!” she said. | “Actually I saw it asked in the White House press conference, asking the press secretary how is that they’re allowing? So I thought, I’d better go quickly before they stop!” she said. |
| The house was less damaged than she had imagined from watching police storm suspects’ homes on television crime dramas. | The house was less damaged than she had imagined from watching police storm suspects’ homes on television crime dramas. |
| “I think it was a little better than what they show on TV. I thought there would be more holes in the walls and stuff like that. | “I think it was a little better than what they show on TV. I thought there would be more holes in the walls and stuff like that. |
| The funny thing was, people were on top of the couches, on top of it all. When I went in it was chaos. I think there were like 50,100 reporters in there,” she said. | The funny thing was, people were on top of the couches, on top of it all. When I went in it was chaos. I think there were like 50,100 reporters in there,” she said. |
| Updated | Updated |
| at 7.15pm GMT | at 7.15pm GMT |
| 7.02pm GMT | 7.02pm GMT |
| 19:02 | 19:02 |
| Suspect Tashfeen Malik violated Facebook’s policies with her profile, the social network has told CNBC. | Suspect Tashfeen Malik violated Facebook’s policies with her profile, the social network has told CNBC. |
| Earlier on Friday federal officials told the AP and Reuters that Malik had posted a message in praise of Isis leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. They said she used an alias, and that she and her husband tried to destroy some electronic devices before they shot dead 14 people at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. | Earlier on Friday federal officials told the AP and Reuters that Malik had posted a message in praise of Isis leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. They said she used an alias, and that she and her husband tried to destroy some electronic devices before they shot dead 14 people at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. |
| Facebook tells CNBC it identified & removed suspect Tashfeen Malik's profile for violating its standards, is cooperating w/ law enforcement. | Facebook tells CNBC it identified & removed suspect Tashfeen Malik's profile for violating its standards, is cooperating w/ law enforcement. |
| A Facebook executive has told Mashable that Malik’s profile was suspended because it praised terror acts, a violation of the company’s policy to prevent terror groups from using the site for propaganda or organizing. | A Facebook executive has told Mashable that Malik’s profile was suspended because it praised terror acts, a violation of the company’s policy to prevent terror groups from using the site for propaganda or organizing. |
| Updated | Updated |
| at 7.12pm GMT | at 7.12pm GMT |
| 6.52pm GMT | 6.52pm GMT |
| 18:52 | 18:52 |
| What we know so far | What we know so far |
| A summary of what we know of Wednesday’s shooting rampage in San Bernardino, California, that left 14 people dead, 21 wounded, and two suspects killed by police after a car chase and gunfight. | A summary of what we know of Wednesday’s shooting rampage in San Bernardino, California, that left 14 people dead, 21 wounded, and two suspects killed by police after a car chase and gunfight. |
| The FBI and San Bernardino police are scheduled to give an update on the investigation at 11am Pacific (2pm ET, 7pm GMT). | The FBI and San Bernardino police are scheduled to give an update on the investigation at 11am Pacific (2pm ET, 7pm GMT). |
| The investigation | The investigation |
| The victims | The victims |
| In Washington | In Washington |
| Updated | Updated |
| at 6.58pm GMT | at 6.58pm GMT |