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Ukraine in maps: Tracking the war with Russia Ukraine in maps: Tracking the war with Russia
(17 days later)
Russia is preparing defensive positions across the Kherson region in anticipation of further Ukrainian advances in the south. Russia has suffered a major defeat in the south of Ukraine, withdrawing from the western Kherson region .
Here are the latest developments:Here are the latest developments:
Russian forces are building up their defensive positions in Kherson The city of Kherson has been liberated by Ukrainian troops
Officials say they have completed the evacuation of the city The loss of the city is a major setback for Russia
Ukrainian counterattacks are being held up by bad weather in the Kherson region Ukraine's latest advance comes after weeks of attacks on Russian-controlled bridges and other positions around Kherson
Ukrainian forces have made smaller gains in the east Elsewhere in Ukraine, fighting continues in Donetsk as Russian forces attempt to advance towards Bakhmut
Ukraine makes breakthrough in south against Russia Ukrainian success in Kherson
Ukraine pushing forward in the south Ukrainian troops have won a major victory against Russia, taking control of the western Kherson region, including Kherson city.
Ukrainian troops are being hampered by bad weather after breaking through Russia's defences on the west bank of the Dnipro River in Kherson. The latest Ukrainian advance came after months of successful attacks on Russian positions on the west side of the Dnipro River, aimed at disrupting Russian supply lines.
Russian officials in Kherson say they have completed the movement of civilians out of the city. At least 70,000 people are reported to have left their homes. Ukrainian targets included bridges across the river, as well as the roads, pontoons, barges and landing areas.
The evacuation may be in support of Russian plans to blow up the Kakhovka dam to cover their withdrawal, according to the Institute for the Study of War (ISW). Ukraine's success in Kherson resulted "in large part from the Ukrainian Armed Forces' (UAF's) innovative use of the US-provided Himars precision rocket system", according to Institute for the Study of War (ISW).
Russian forces have been building fortifications and defensive lines in the city of Kherson and Nova Kakhovka, which lies on the river's east bank Multiple precision strikes using Himars made Russian positions on the west side of the river impossible to resupply.
Ukrainian troops have been attacking bridges, ferries and pontoons in recent weeks, attempting to make Russian positions on the west side of the river unsustainable, and thereby force a withdrawal. Also in the south, Russia has continued air, missile and artillery strikes in recent days, with targets including Zaporizhzhia City.Ukraine says it has also struck Russian positions in Zaporizhzhia region.Russian forces are forcibly mobilising men in Melitopol and Zaporizhzhia, and forcing them to construct trenches and other defences, according to the ISW.
Also in the south, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has called for the demilitarisation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
Ukraine has accused Russian military personnel of working on a dirty bomb at the plant. The Russian leadership has - in turn - accused Ukraine of planning a dirty bomb attack.
Russia's military took over the power station in early March, but it is still being operated by Ukrainian staff.
Intense fighting in the eastIntense fighting in the east
Ukrainian troops took control of the key logistical hub of Lyman in Donetsk at the beginning of October and have continued to push further east towards the region of Luhansk. Russian forces are continuing to conduct ground attacks near Bakhmut and Siversk.Ukraine says it has successfully held off the latest assaults, with intense fighting concentrated on the road network.
The ISW says they have "made substantial gains" in the area, with Russian reports suggests their next target may be the city of Kreminna. Ukrainian troops took control of the key logistical hub of Lyman in Donetsk at the beginning of October.
Analysts say the loss of Lyman was a major set-back for Russia. Russian forces operating in the East are believed to include regular Russian troops, mobilised servicemen, Wagner private contractors, Chechen units and personnel from the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics.
Russian troops forced out of key east Ukraine town The current Russian push towards Bakhmut followed a major defeat in the east in September when Russian units were forced back in the Kharkiv region.
'The enemy is near, but we are standing firm'
Lyman retreat sees rare criticism of Russian leaders
Reports from the Russian defence ministry posted on Telegram say its forces have repelled attacks on several fronts in the region, killing 400 Ukrainian troops and destroying combat equipment and ammunition depots.
Russian forces have been trying to push towards Bakhmut, in the eastern Donbas region.
The latest fighting follows a major Russian defeat in the east.
Ukraine says it recaptured 6,000 sq km (2,317 sq miles) of territory from Russia in early September, when it forced back Russian units in the Kharkiv region.
Russian troops withdrew from the key towns of Izyum and Kupiansk, saying that the retreat would allow its troops to "regroup".Russian troops withdrew from the key towns of Izyum and Kupiansk, saying that the retreat would allow its troops to "regroup".
Both towns were major logistical hubs for Russian forces in Donbas.Both towns were major logistical hubs for Russian forces in Donbas.
Ukraine's power grid under fireUkraine's power grid under fire
Earlier in October, Russia appeared to shift tactics, targeting Ukrainian cities further from the frontline, with missile strikes for the first time in months.Earlier in October, Russia appeared to shift tactics, targeting Ukrainian cities further from the frontline, with missile strikes for the first time in months.
Russian forces used Shahed-136 drones recently purchased from Iran in the attacks, as well as ballistic and cruise missiles.Russian forces used Shahed-136 drones recently purchased from Iran in the attacks, as well as ballistic and cruise missiles.
Attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure by Russian forces have triggered blackouts in major cities, including Kyiv, Lviv, Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv.Attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure by Russian forces have triggered blackouts in major cities, including Kyiv, Lviv, Zaporizhzhia and Kharkiv.
The latest Russian attacks come after Russian President Vladimir Putin accused Ukraine's security services of attacking the Kerch bridge in Crimea. Four regions of Ukraine, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia were annexed by the Russian Federation in September.Russia does not fully control any of the four regions.
Ukrainian officials have not indicated whether their forces were behind the attack.
The 19km (12-mile) bridge, the longest in Europe, is an important supply route for Russian forces fighting in Ukraine.
Mr Putin described the blast as an "an act of terrorism aimed at destroying Russia's critical civilian infrastructure".
The bridge has since partially reopened for light traffic. Russia has ordered repairs to the bridge to be finished by July 2023.
Annexation of four regions
Four regions of Ukraine, that are partially or almost completely occupied by Russia have been annexed by the Russian Federation.
It follows self-styled referendums in Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, held between 23 and 27 September.
President Vladimir Putin has said that Russia will use "all the forces and resources" it has to "liberate" the four regions.President Vladimir Putin has said that Russia will use "all the forces and resources" it has to "liberate" the four regions.
In an address to the Russian people, Mr Putin said his country had "various weapons of destruction", adding: "I'm not bluffing."In an address to the Russian people, Mr Putin said his country had "various weapons of destruction", adding: "I'm not bluffing."
Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February, but Ukrainian forces retook large areas around Kyiv in early April after Russia abandoned its push towards the capital.Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February, but Ukrainian forces retook large areas around Kyiv in early April after Russia abandoned its push towards the capital.
Areas in the west of the country, including Lviv, have seen missile attacks but no attempt by Russian forces to take and occupy ground.Areas in the west of the country, including Lviv, have seen missile attacks but no attempt by Russian forces to take and occupy ground.
The Russians have suffered heavy losses since the invasion began and significant quantities of Russian weaponry have also been destroyed or captured.The Russians have suffered heavy losses since the invasion began and significant quantities of Russian weaponry have also been destroyed or captured.
By David Brown, Bella Hurrell, Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Lucy Rodgers, Paul Sargeant, Alison Trowsdale, Tural Ahmedzade, Mark Bryson, Zoe Bartholomew, Sean Willmott, Sana Dionysiou, Joy Roxas, Gerry Fletcher, Jana Tauschinsk, Debie Loizou, Simon Martin and Prina Shah.By David Brown, Bella Hurrell, Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Lucy Rodgers, Paul Sargeant, Alison Trowsdale, Tural Ahmedzade, Mark Bryson, Zoe Bartholomew, Sean Willmott, Sana Dionysiou, Joy Roxas, Gerry Fletcher, Jana Tauschinsk, Debie Loizou, Simon Martin and Prina Shah.
About these mapsAbout these maps
To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project.To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project.
To show key areas where advances are taking place we are also using daily updates from the UK Ministry of Defence and BBC research.To show key areas where advances are taking place we are also using daily updates from the UK Ministry of Defence and BBC research.
The situation in Ukraine is fast moving and it is likely there will be times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.The situation in Ukraine is fast moving and it is likely there will be times when there have been changes not reflected in the maps.